從今

See also: 从今

Chinese

		from; obey; observe from; obey; observe; follow; second cousin; lax; yielding; unhurried	today; modern; present today; modern; present; current; this; now
trad. (從今)		從	今
simp. (从今)		从	今

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): cóngjīn

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄣ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cong² jin¹

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cung⁴ gam¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhiùng-kîm

  (Meixian, Guangdong): qiung² gim¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cóngjīn
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cóngjin
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻung²-chin¹
    • Yale: tsúng-jīn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsorngjin
    • Palladius: цунцзинь (cunczinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: cong² jin¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cunggin
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰoŋ²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: cung⁴ gam¹
    • Yale: chùhng gām
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsung⁴ gam¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cung⁴ gem¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ kɐm⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiùng-kîm
    • Hakka Romanization System: qiungˇ gim´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: qiung² gim¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯uŋ¹¹ kim²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: qiung² gim¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰiʊŋ¹¹ kim⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: dzjowng kim

Rime
Character	從	今
Reading #	1/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)	侵 (140)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	疾容切	居吟切
Baxter	dzjowng	kim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zɨoŋ/	/kˠiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zioŋ/	/kᵚim/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zioŋ/	/kiem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zuawŋ/	/kjim/
Li Rong	/d͡zioŋ/	/kjəm/
Wang Li	/d͡zĭwoŋ/	/kĭĕm/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi̯woŋ/	/ki̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cóng	jīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cung4	gam1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]oŋ  [k]r[ə]m/

  (Zhengzhang): /*zloŋ  krɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	從	今
Reading #	1/3	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cóng	jīn
Middle Chinese	‹ dzjowng ›	‹ kim ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]oŋ/	/*[k]r[ə]m/
English	to follow	now
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	從	今
Reading #	2/3	1/1
No.	1858	6599
Phonetic component	从	今
Rime group	東	侵
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	從	金
Old Chinese	/*zloŋ/	/*krɯm/
Notes		文源謂含初文

Adverb

從今

1. (literary) from now on

Derived terms

• 從今以後／从今以后 (cóngjīn yǐhòu)
• 從今往後／从今往后 (cóngjīn wǎnghòu)