愕

愕 U+6115, 愕 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6115 ← 愔 [U+6114] CJK Unified Ideographs 愖 → [U+6116]

Translingual

Han character

愕 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 心口口尸 (PRRS), four-corner 9602₇, composition ⿰忄咢)

1. startled, alarmed, astonished

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 395, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10939
• Dae Jaweon: page 731, character 15
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2328, character 8
• Unihan data for U+6115

Chinese

simp. and trad.		愕
alternative forms		㦍 鄂

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (屰) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
斥	*ŋ̊ʰjaːɡs, *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡ
訴	*sŋaːɡs
泝	*sŋaːɡs
愬	*sŋaːɡs, *sŋreːɡ
遡	*sŋaːɡs
塑	*sŋaːɡs
溯	*sŋaːɡs
遻	*ŋaːɡs
柝	*tŋ̊ʰaːɡ
鶚	*ŋaːɡ
諤	*ŋaːɡ
齶	*ŋaːɡ
鍔	*ŋaːɡ
遌	*ŋaːɡ
崿	*ŋaːɡ
偔	*ŋaːɡ
堮	*ŋaːɡ
湂	*ŋaːɡ
鱷	*ŋaːɡ
噩	*ŋaːɡ
咢	*ŋaːɡ
鑩	*ŋaːɡ
鄂	*ŋaːɡ
鰐	*ŋaːɡ
萼	*ŋaːɡ
愕	*ŋaːɡ
顎	*ŋaːɡ
朔	*sŋraːɡ
槊	*sraːwɢ
蒴	*sraːwɢ
坼	*tŋ̊ʰraːɡ
拆	*tŋ̊ʰraːɡ
逆	*ŋraɡ
屰	*ŋraɡ
縌	*ŋraɡ
蝷	*reːɡ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): è (e⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄜˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngok⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngok
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): go̍k / gia̍h / ngia̍h

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: è
    • Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: è
    • Wade–Giles: o⁴
    • Yale: è
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
    • Palladius: э (e)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngok⁶
    • Yale: ngohk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngok⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngog⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔːk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngok
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngog`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngog⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋok̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: go̍k
    • Tâi-lô: go̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gok
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡɔk̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gia̍h
    • Tâi-lô: gia̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: giah
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /ɡiaʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiaʔ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngia̍h
    • Tâi-lô: ngia̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ngiah
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ŋiãʔ¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /ŋiãʔ⁴/

Note:

• go̍k - literary;
• gia̍h/ngia̍h - vernacular.

---

• Middle Chinese: ngak

Rime
Character	愕
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	唐 (103)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五各切
Baxter	ngak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋak̚/
Li Rong	/ŋɑk̚/
Wang Li	/ŋɑk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	è
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngok6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-qʰˤak/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	愕
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	è
Middle Chinese	‹ ngak ›
Old Chinese	/*N-qʰˁak/
English	scared
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	愕
Reading #	1/1
No.	9466
Phonetic component	屰
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	咢
Old Chinese	/*ŋaːɡ/

Definitions

愕

1. startled; scared; astonished
2. ^† Alternative form of 諤／谔 (è, “honest speech”)

Compounds

• 惋愕
• 愕愕
• 愕愕睜睜／愕愕睁睁
• 愕然 (èrán)
• 愕眙
• 愕視／愕视
• 眼愕愕
• 錯愕／错愕 (cuò'è)
• 震愕
• 驚愕／惊愕 (jīng'è)

 

Japanese

Kanji

愕

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. surprised
2. frightened

Readings

• On (unclassified): がく (gaku)
• Kun: おどろく (odoroku, 愕く)

Korean

Hanja

愕 (eum 악 (ak))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

愕: Hán Nôm readings: ngạc, ngắc

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.