按

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按 U+6309, 按
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6309
← 挈
[U+6308] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 挊 →
[U+630A]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character[edit]

按 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手十女 (QJV), four-corner 53044, composition ⿰扌安)

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 429, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12038
  • Dae Jaweon: page 779, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1876, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6309

Chinese[edit]

trad. 按
simp. # 按

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (安) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
安 *qaːn
鞍 *qaːn
鞌 *qaːn
侒 *qaːn
按 *qaːns
案 *qaːns
洝 *qaːns
荌 *qaːns
晏 *qaːns, *qraːns
鴳 *qraːns
騴 *qraːns
鷃 *qraːns
頞 *qaːd
胺 *qaːd
咹 *qaːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːns) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 安 (OC *qaːn).

Etymology[edit]

Exoactive of 安 (OC *qaːn, “be calm”), lit. "cause to be settled, calmed".

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Rime
Character 按
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 烏旰切
Baxter 'anH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔɑnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔɑnH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔɑnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔanH/
Li
Rong 		/ʔɑnH/
Wang
Li 		/ɑnH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔɑnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		àn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		on3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 按
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		àn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔanH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔˁa[n]-s/
English repress

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 按
Reading # 1/1
No. 15
Phonetic
component 		安
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		按
Old
Chinese 		/*qaːns/

Definitions[edit]

按

  1. to push (with hands); to press
    按鈕／按钮  ―  ànniǔ  ―  to press a button
  2. to put aside
  3. to restrain
  4. to check against something, chiefly a text
    按圖索驥／按图索骥  ―  àntúsuǒjì  ―  literally, "to seek a fine horse by checking against a drawing"
  5. to make comments; to write notes
  6. according to; referring to; following
    按照  ―  ànzhào  ―  according to
    按計劃行事／按计划行事  ―  àn jìhuà xíngshì  ―  to follow the plan
  7. (Malaysia, Singapore) to withdraw (money)
  8. (Cantonese) to mortgage
    按揭 [Cantonese]  ―  on3 kit3 [Jyutping]  ―  to mortgage
  9. (Hokkien) to estimate; to evaluate; to assess; to figure; to suppose; to reckon; to plan
  10. (Hokkien) to pawn; to borrow money while depositing an item as collateral from a pawnshop or someone for later payment
  11. (Hokkien) from (place or time); by; since

Synonyms[edit]

  • (to push):
Dialectal synonyms of 按 (“to push; to press”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 按
Mandarin Beijing 按, 摁
Taiwan 按
Jinan 按, 摁
Xi'an 按, 壓
Wuhan 按, 逞
Chengdu 按, 逞
Yangzhou 捺
Hefei 按, 捺
Malaysia 按
Singapore 按
Cantonese Guangzhou 撳, 的
Hong Kong 撳
Macau 撳
Yangjiang 擪
Singapore (Guangfu) 撳
Gan Nanchang 按, 陣
Hakka Meixian 撳
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 撳
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 撳
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 撳
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 撳, 擪
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 撳
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 擪
Kuching (Hepo) 撳
Jin Taiyuan 按
Northern Min Jian'ou 壓
Eastern Min Fuzhou 扼
Southern Min Xiamen 揤
Quanzhou 揤
Zhangzhou 揤
Taipei 揤
New Taipei (Sanxia) 揤
Kaohsiung 揤
Yilan 揤
Changhua (Lukang) 揤
Taichung 揤
Tainan 揤
Hsinchu 揤
Kinmen 揤
Penghu (Magong) 揤
Penang (Hokkien) 揤, 捏
Singapore (Hokkien) 揤, 捏
Manila (Hokkien) 揤
Chaozhou 揤
Singapore (Teochew) 揤
Wu Shanghai 撳
Suzhou 撳
Wuxi 撳
Wenzhou 捺, 捼
Xiang Changsha 捘, 按
Shuangfeng 撳
  • (to restrain):
  • (according to):

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (按):
  • → Japanese: 按(あん) (an)
  • → Korean: 안(按) (an)
  • → Vietnamese: án (按)

Others:

  • → Vietnamese: ấn (按, “to press”)

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

按

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
按
あん
Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 按 (MC 'anH).

Affix[edit]

按(あん) • (an) 

  1. push (with hands); press
  2. examine; investigate

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

按 • (an, al) (hangeul 안, 알, revised an, al, McCune–Reischauer an, al, Yale an, al)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Tày[edit]

Verb[edit]

按 (án)

  1. Nôm form of án (“to count”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

按: Hán Nôm readings: án, ấn, ướn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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