統治

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See also: 统治

Chinese[edit]

 
to gather; to unite; to unify
to gather; to unite; to unify; whole
 
to rule; to govern; to manage
to rule; to govern; to manage; to control; to harness (a river); cure; treatment; to heal
trad. (統治) 統 治
simp. (统治) 统 治

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 統 治 治 治
Reading # 1/1 1/3 2/3 3/3
Initial (聲) 透 (6) 澄 (11) 澄 (11) 澄 (11)
Final (韻) 冬 (5) 之 (19) 脂 (17) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Level (Ø) Departing (H) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open Open
Division (等) I III III III
Fanqie 他綜切 直之切 直利切 直吏切
Baxter thowngH dri drijH driH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰuoŋH/ /ɖɨ/ /ɖˠiɪH/ /ɖɨH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰuoŋH/ /ɖɨ/ /ɖᵚiH/ /ɖɨH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰoŋH/ /ȡie/ /ȡiɪH/ /ȡieH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰawŋH/ /ɖɨ/ /ɖjiH/ /ɖɨH/
Li
Rong 		/tʰoŋH/ /ȡiə/ /ȡjiH/ /ȡiəH/
Wang
Li 		/tʰuoŋH/ /ȡĭə/ /ȡiH/ /ȡĭəH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tʰuoŋH/ /ȡʱi/ /ȡʱiH/ /ȡʱiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tòng chí zhì zhì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tung3 ci4 zi6 zi6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 治 治
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		chí zhì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dri › ‹ driH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.lrə/ /*lrə-s/
English regulate, arrange regulate, arrange

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 統 治 治 治
Reading # 1/1 1/3 2/3 3/3
No. 1490 12288 12289 12302
Phonetic
component 		充 台 台 台
Rime
group 		終 之 之 脂
Rime
subdivision 		0 0 0 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		統 治 值 緻
Old
Chinese 		/*tʰuːŋs/ /*l'ɯ/ /*l'ɯs/ /*l'is/

Verb[edit]

統治

  1. to govern; to rule; to preside over
    統治集團／统治集团  ―  tǒngzhì jítuán  ―  ruling circle
    階級統治／阶级统治  ―  jiējí tǒngzhì  ―  class rule
  2. to control; to dominate

Synonyms[edit]

  • (to govern): 管理 (guǎnlǐ); (literary, or in compounds) 理 (lǐ); (Classical Chinese) 亂／乱 (luàn), 治理 (zhìlǐ); (Eastern Min) 理治 (lǐzhì)
  • (to control):

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (統治):

Japanese[edit]

Kanji in this term
統 治
とう
Grade: 5 		ち
Grade: 4
on’yomi

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

統(とう)治(ち) • (tōchi) 

  1. rule, governance

Verb[edit]

統(とう)治(ち)する • (tōchi suru) transitive suru (stem 統(とう)治(ち)し (tōchi shi), past 統(とう)治(ち)した (tōchi shita))

  1. to rule, to govern

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of "統治する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 統治し とうちし tōchi shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 統治し とうちし tōchi shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 統治する とうちする tōchi suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 統治する とうちする tōchi suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 統治すれ とうちすれ tōchi sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 統治せよ¹
統治しろ² 		とうちせよ¹
とうちしろ² 		tōchi seyo¹
tōchi shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 統治される とうちされる tōchi sareru
Causative 統治させる
統治さす 		とうちさせる
とうちさす 		tōchi saseru
tōchi sasu
Potential 統治できる とうちできる tōchi dekiru
Volitional 統治しよう とうちしよう tōchi shiyō
Negative 統治しない とうちしない tōchi shinai
Negative continuative 統治せず とうちせず tōchi sezu
Formal 統治します とうちします tōchi shimasu
Perfective 統治した とうちした tōchi shita
Conjunctive 統治して とうちして tōchi shite
Hypothetical conditional 統治すれば とうちすれば tōchi sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References[edit]

  1. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja in this term
統治

Noun[edit]

統治 • (tongchi) (hangeul 통치)

  1. Hanja form? of 통치 (“rule”).

Vietnamese[edit]

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
統治

Verb[edit]

統治

  1. chữ Hán form of thống trị (“to rule; to govern; to dominate”).
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