掛礙

Chinese

		to hang; to put up; to suspend	to hinder; to obstruct; to block
trad. (掛礙/挂礙)		掛/挂	礙
simp. (挂碍)		挂	碍
alternative forms		罣礙／罣碍 絓礙

Etymology

Translation of Sanskrit आवरण (āvaraṇa, “covering; hiding; obscuring; obstructing”) or Sanskrit आलम्बन (ālambana, “depending on or from; hanging from”), as in चित्तावरण (cittāvaraṇa, literally “thought-covering”) or चित्तालम्बन (cittālambana, literally “mental hanging”) (Shi, 2014).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guà'ài

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄚˋ ㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaa³ ngoi⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kòa-gāi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gua³ ghai⁷

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guà'ài → guà'ai (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄚˋ ㄞˋ → ㄍㄨㄚˋ ˙ㄞ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guà-åi
    • Wade–Giles: kua⁴-ai⁵
    • Yale: gwà-ai
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guah.ay
    • Palladius: гуаай (guaaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/ → /ku̯ä⁵¹ ˀaɪ̯¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gwaa³ ngoi⁶
    • Yale: gwa ngoih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwaa³ ngoi⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: gua³ ngoi⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷaː³³ ŋɔːi̯²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kòa-gāi
    • Tâi-lô: kuà-gāi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koargai
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kua²¹⁻⁵³ ɡai²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡai⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kua²¹⁻⁵³ ɡai²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kua¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡai³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kua²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡai³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gua³ ghai⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuà gāi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kua²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ɡai¹¹/

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• Middle Chinese: kweaH ngojH

Rime
Character	掛	礙
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	佳 (32)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	古賣切	五漑切
Baxter	kweaH	ngojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠuɛH/	/ŋʌiH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚæH/	/ŋəiH/
Shao Rongfen	/kuæiH/	/ŋɒiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaɨjH/	/ŋəjH/
Li Rong	/kuɛH/	/ŋᴀiH/
Wang Li	/kwaiH/	/ŋɒiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwaiH/	/ŋɑ̆iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guà	ài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwaai3	ngoi6

Verb

掛礙

1. (Buddhism, of the mind) to be hindered, thus unawakened; to be obstructed
2. to obstruct; to hinder
3. to worry; to be concerned

Synonyms

• (to hinder):

• 不通 (bùtōng)
• 堵塞
• 堵截 (dǔjié)
• 堵窒 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 妨礙／妨碍 (fáng'ài)
• 徑杈／径杈 (Hakka)
• 截 (jié)
• 擋／挡
• 擋住／挡住 (dǎngzhù)
• 攔／拦 (lán)
• 攔住／拦住 (lánzhù)
• 攔截／拦截 (lánjié)
• 攔擋／拦挡 (lándǎng)
• 攔閘／拦闸 (Hokkien)
• 攔阻／拦阻 (lánzǔ)
• 有礙／有碍 (yǒu'ài)
• 梗塞
• 滯滯／滞滞 (Hokkien)
• 滯礙／滞碍 (zhì'ài)
• 礙噠／碍哒 (ngai⁵ da) (Xiang)
• 窒礙／窒碍 (zhì'ài) (literary)
• 蔽塞 (bìsè) (literary)
• 蔽障 (bìzhàng)
• 遮 (literary, or in compounds)
• 邀 (yāo)
• 閉塞／闭塞 (bìsè)
• 阻住 (zo² zyu⁶) (Cantonese)
• 阻塞
• 阻撓／阻挠 (zǔnáo)
• 阻擋／阻挡 (zǔdǎng)
• 阻攔／阻拦 (zǔlán)
• 阻滯／阻滞 (zǔzhì)
• 阻礙／阻碍 (zǔ'ài)
• 阻窒 (Hokkien)
• 障礙／障碍 (zhàng'ài)

 

• (to worry):

• 怕
• 急 (jí)
• 急眼 (jíyǎn) (colloquial)
• 恐怕 (kǒngpà)
• 患 (huàn) (literary, or in compounds)
• 愁 (chóu)
• 憂心／忧心 (yōuxīn)
• 憂慮／忧虑 (yōulǜ)
• 懸心／悬心 (xuánxīn)
• 掛心／挂心 (guàxīn)
• 揪心 (jiūxīn)
• 擔心／担心 (dānxīn)
• 擔憂／担忧 (dānyōu)
• 燒心／烧心 (shāoxīn) (regional or dated)
• 犯愁 (fànchóu)
• 疑慮／疑虑 (yílǜ)
• 發急／发急 (fājí)
• 發愁／发愁 (fāchóu)
• 發極／发极 (⁷faq ⁸jiq) (Wu)
• 著急／着急 (zháojí)
• 起急 (qǐjí) (colloquial)
• 顧慮／顾虑 (gùlǜ)

 

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “to hinder”):

• 放行 (fàngxíng)
• 暢通／畅通 (chàngtōng)
• 通行 (tōngxíng)

 

Derived terms

• 心無掛礙／心无挂碍

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (罣礙／罣碍 (guà'ài)):

• → Japanese: 罣礙(けげ) (kege)
• → Korean: 가애(罣礙) (gaae)
• → Vietnamese: quái ngại (罣礙)