phonetic | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
trad. (旃荼羅) | 旃 | 荼 | 羅 | |
simp. (旃荼罗) | 旃 | 荼 | 罗 |
Phonetic borrowing from Sanskrit चण्डाल (caṇḍāla), Pali caṇḍāla. Chiefly attested in Buddhist literature.
Rime | |||
---|---|---|---|
Character | 旃 | 荼 | 羅 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 3/3 | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 章 (23) | 澄 (11) | 來 (37) |
Final (韻) | 仙 (77) | 麻 (98) | 歌 (94) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
Division (等) | III | II | I |
Fanqie | 諸延切 | 宅加切 | 魯何切 |
Baxter | tsyen | drae | la |
Reconstructions | |||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/t͡ɕiᴇn/ | /ɖˠa/ | /lɑ/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/t͡ɕiɛn/ | /ɖᵚa/ | /lɑ/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/t͡ɕjæn/ | /ȡa/ | /lɑ/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/cian/ | /ɖaɨ/ | /la/ |
Li Rong |
/t͡ɕiɛn/ | /ȡa/ | /lɑ/ |
Wang Li |
/t͡ɕĭɛn/ | /ȡa/ | /lɑ/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/t͡ɕi̯ɛn/ | /ȡʱa/ | /lɑ/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
zhān | chá | luó |
Expected Cantonese Reflex |
zin1 | caa4 | lo4 |
旃荼羅