晦

晦 U+6666, 晦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6666 ← 晥 [U+6665] CJK Unified Ideographs 晧 → [U+6667]

Translingual

Han character

晦 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 日人田卜 (AOWY), four-corner 6805₇, composition ⿰日每)

Derived characters

• 𤹾

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 496, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13960
• Dae Jaweon: page 862, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1513, character 3
• Unihan data for U+6666

Chinese

simp. and trad.		晦

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 晦
Warring States
Chu slip and silk script

Characters in the same phonetic series (母) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
脢	*mɯːs, *mɯː, *mɯːs
挴	*mlɯːʔ, *mɯːʔ
海	*hmlɯːʔ
毐	*ʔmɯː, *ʔmɯːʔ
呣	*mɯ
拇	*mɯʔ
母	*mɯʔ
胟	*mɯʔ
姆	*mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ
畮	*mɯʔ
踇	*mɯʔ
苺	*mɯs, *mɯːʔ, *mɯːs
莓	*mɯs, *mɯː, *mɯːs
敏	*mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ
鰵	*mrɯŋʔ
慜	*mrɯŋʔ
毋	*ma
梅	*mɯː
酶	*mɯː
鋂	*mɯː
每	*mɯːʔ
毎	*mɯːs
痗	*mɯːs, *hmɯːs
晦	*hmɯːs
誨	*hmɯːs
悔	*hmɯːʔ, *hmɯːs
霉	*mrɯl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmɯːs) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ).

Etymology

STEDT compares 晦 (OC *hmɯːs) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“foggy; dark; sullen; menacing; thunder”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): huì (hui⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄟˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fui³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fùi
• Eastern Min (BUC): huói
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hòe

  (Teochew, Peng'im): huê³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: huì
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: huèi
    • Wade–Giles: hui⁴
    • Yale: hwèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huey
    • Palladius: хуэй (xuej)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fui³
    • Yale: fui
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fui³
    • Guangdong Romanization: fui³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuːi̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fùi
    • Hakka Romanization System: fuiˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fui²
    • Sinological IPA: /fu̯i¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: huói
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hui²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòe
    • Tâi-lô: huè
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoex
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hue²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hue⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hue²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hue¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hue²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: huê³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huè
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hue²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: xwojH

Rime
Character	晦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	荒内切
Baxter	xwojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/huʌiH/
Pan Wuyun	/huoiH/
Shao Rongfen	/xuɒiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hwəjH/
Li Rong	/xuᴀiH/
Wang Li	/xuɒiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/xuɑ̆iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fui3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m̥ˤək-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hmɯːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	晦
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huì
Middle Chinese	‹ xwojH ›
Old Chinese	/*m̥ˁək-s/
English	last day of a moon; dark
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	晦
Reading #	1/1
No.	9315
Phonetic component	母
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*hmɯːs/

Definitions

晦

1. last day of a lunar month
2. dark, unclear, obscure
3. night
4. 67th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "darkening" (𝍈)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (晦):

• → Japanese: 晦(かい) (kai)
• → Korean: 회(晦) (hoe)
• → Vietnamese: hối (晦)

Compounds

• 嚮晦／向晦
• 悖晦 (bèihui)
• 昏晦
• 晦冥 (huìmíng)
• 晦在
• 晦日 (huìrì)
• 晦明 (huìmíng)
• 晦昧
• 晦暗 (huì'àn)
• 晦暝 (huìmíng)
• 晦朔 (huìshuò)
• 晦氣／晦气 (huìqì)
• 晦澀／晦涩 (huìsè)
• 晦盲
• 晦瞑
• 晦紋／晦纹
• 晦蒙
• 晦跡／晦迹
• 月晦
• 老背晦
• 肉眼愚晦
• 背晦 (bèihui)
• 遵時養晦／遵时养晦
• 遵養時晦／遵养时晦
• 陰晦／阴晦 (yīnhuì)
• 隱晦／隐晦 (yǐnhuì)
• 雺晦
• 霾晦
• 青白晦氣／青白晦气
• 韜光養晦／韬光养晦 (tāoguāngyǎnghuì)
• 韜晦／韬晦 (tāohuì)
• 顯晦／显晦
• 風雨如晦／风雨如晦 (fēngyǔrúhuì)
• 風雨晦冥／风雨晦冥
• 養晦／养晦 (yǎnghuì)

 

References

• “晦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	Shinjitai (extended)	晦󠄀 晦+󠄀? (Adobe-Japan1)
晦󠄂 晦+󠄂? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
Kyūjitai	晦
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

晦

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

• Go-on: け (ke)^{←け (ke, historical)←くゑ (kwe, ancient)}
• Kan-on: かい (kai)^{←くわい (kwai, historical)}
• Kun: つごもり (tsugomori, 晦); くらい (kurai, 晦い); くらます (kuramasu, 晦ます); くらむ (kuramu, 晦む)

Compounds

• 晦日(みそか) (misoka)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
晦
かい Jinmeiyō
kan’on

/kʷai/ → /kai/

From Middle Chinese 晦 (MC xwojH).

Affix

晦(かい) • (kai) ^{←くわい (kwai)?}

1. end of the month
2. dark, darkened
3. obscure, unknown
4. conceal, hide

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 晦(かい)朔(さく) (kaisaku)
• 晦(かい)日(じつ) (kaijitsu)
• 晦(かい)渋(じゅう) (kaijū)
• 晦(かい)晴(せい) (kaisei)
• 晦(かい)蔵(ぞう) (kaizō)
• 晦(かい)匿(とく) (kaitoku)
• 晦(かい)冥(めい) (kaimei)
• 暗(あん)晦(かい) (ankai)
• 湮(いん)晦(かい), 堙(いん)晦(かい) (inkai)
• 陰(いん)晦(かい) (inkai)
• 顕(けん)晦(かい) (kenkai)
• 昏(こん)晦(かい) (konkai)
• 朔(さっ)晦(かい) (sakkai)
• 時(じ)晦(かい) (jikai)
• 自(じ)晦(かい) (jikai)
• 韜(とう)晦(かい) (tōkai)

Noun

晦(かん) • (kan) ^{←くわん (kwan)?}

1. a darkening of the sky
2. something unclear or obscure
3. the last day of a (lunar) month

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
晦
つごもり Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
晦日

Shift from 月隠り (tsukikomori/tsukigomori, literally “moon hiding”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) つごもり [tsùgómórí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [t͡sɨᵝɡo̞mo̞ɾʲi]

Noun

晦(つごもり) • (tsugomori) 

1. (archaic) the darkening of moonlight
2. (by extension) the last day of a (lunar) month

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 晦(つごもり)方(がた) (tsugomorigata)
• 晦(つごもり)蕎(そ)麦(ば) (tsugomorisoba)
• 大(おお)晦(つごもり) (ōtsugomori)
• 小(こつ)晦日(ごもり) (kotsugomori)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
晦
つもごり Jinmeiyō
irregular

Alternative spelling
晦日

Alteration of tsugomori above.

Noun

晦(つもごり) • (tsumogori) 

1. (rare, archaic) the darkening of moonlight
2. (rare, by extension) the last day of a (lunar) month

Derived terms

• 大(おお)晦(つもごり) (ōtsumogori)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 晦 (MC xwojH). Recorded as Middle Korean ⿰日毎 (⿰ 日 毎)/회〯 (hwǒy) (Yale: hwoy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

晦 (eumhun 그믐 회 (geumeum hoe))

1. Hanja form^? of 회 (“last day of a lunar month”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 회삭 (晦朔, hoesak)
• 회일 (晦日, hoeil)
• 음회 (陰晦, eumhoe)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

晦: Hán Nôm readings: hổi, hối, hói, hòi, hỗi, họi

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