業障

Chinese

		business; occupation; study	to block; to hinder; to obstruct
trad. (業障)		業	障
simp. (业障)		业	障

Etymology

Translation of Sanskrit कर्मावरण (karmāvaraṇa, “karmic obstruction”). The Tibetan equivalent is ལས་ཀྱི་སྒྲིབ་པ (las kyi sgrib pa).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yèzhàng

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˋ ㄓㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jip⁶ zoeng³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gia̍p-chiòng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yèzhàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋ ㄓㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yèjhàng
    • Wade–Giles: yeh⁴-chang⁴
    • Yale: yè-jàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yehjanq
    • Palladius: ечжан (ječžan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jip⁶ zoeng³
    • Yale: yihp jeung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jip⁹ dzoeng³
    • Guangdong Romanization: yib⁶ zêng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːp̚² t͡sœːŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gia̍p-chiòng
    • Tâi-lô: gia̍p-tsiòng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: giabcioxng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡiap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɔŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiap̚²⁴⁻² t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɡiap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɔŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɔŋ²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: ngjaep tsyang|tsyangH

Rime
Character	業	障	障
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	章 (23)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	業 (147)	陽 (105)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	魚怯切	諸良切	之亮切
Baxter	ngjaep	tsyang	tsyangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨɐp̚/	/t͡ɕɨɐŋ/	/t͡ɕɨɐŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɐp̚/	/t͡ɕiɐŋ/	/t͡ɕiɐŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɐp̚/	/t͡ɕiɑŋ/	/t͡ɕiɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨap̚/	/cɨaŋ/	/cɨaŋH/
Li Rong	/ŋiap̚/	/t͡ɕiaŋ/	/t͡ɕiaŋH/
Wang Li	/ŋĭɐp̚/	/t͡ɕĭaŋ/	/t͡ɕĭaŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯ɐp̚/	/t͡ɕi̯aŋ/	/t͡ɕi̯aŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yè	zhāng	zhàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jip6	zoeng1	zoeng3

Noun

業障

1. (Buddhism) sin that detracts from one's good works; karmic hindrance
2. (dated, derogatory, term of abuse said of one's inferiors) vile spawn