樂土

Chinese

		happy	land
trad. (樂土)		樂	土
simp. (乐土)		乐	土

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lètǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄜˋ ㄊㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lok⁶ tou⁵
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lo̍k-thô͘

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lètǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄜˋ ㄊㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lètǔ
    • Wade–Giles: lê⁴-tʻu³
    • Yale: lè-tǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lehtuu
    • Palladius: лэту (lɛtu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɤ⁵¹ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: lok⁶ tou⁵
    • Yale: lohk tóuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lok⁹ tou⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: log⁶ tou⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːk̚² tʰou̯¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lo̍k-thô͘
    • Tâi-lô: lo̍k-thôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: logtoo
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² tʰɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔk̚²⁴⁻² tʰɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tʰɔ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² tʰɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² tʰɔ²³/

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• Middle Chinese: lak thuX

Rime
Character	樂	土
Reading #	3/3	1/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	唐 (103)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	盧各切	他魯切
Baxter	lak	thuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑk̚/	/tʰuoX/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑk̚/	/tʰuoX/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑk̚/	/tʰoX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lak̚/	/tʰɔX/
Li Rong	/lɑk̚/	/tʰoX/
Wang Li	/lɑk̚/	/tʰuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑk̚/	/tʰuoX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	luò	tǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lok6	tou2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤawk  tʰˤaʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*raːwɢ  l̥ʰaːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	樂	土
Reading #	2/4	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lè	tǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ lak ›	‹ thuX ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁawk/	/*tʰˁaʔ/
English	joy; enjoy	earth
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	樂	土
Reading #	2/3	1/2
No.	7673	12499
Phonetic component	樂	土
Rime group	藥	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	落	土
Old Chinese	/*raːwɢ/	/*l̥ʰaːʔ/

Noun

樂土

1. land of happiness; paradise

   • 逝將去女，適彼樂土。樂土樂土，爰得我所。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     逝将去女，适彼乐土。乐土乐土，爰得我所。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Shì jiāng qù rǔ, shì bǐ lètǔ. Lètǔ lètǔ, yuán dé wǒ suǒ. [Pinyin]

     We will leave you,
     And go to that happy land.
     Happy land! Happy land!
     There shall we find our place.