模糊

See also: 糢糊

Chinese

		imitate; model; norm imitate; model; norm; pattern	paste; cream; muddled paste; cream; muddled; scorched
trad. (模糊)		模	糊
simp. #(模糊)		模	糊
alternative forms		糢糊 模胡 麻糊 蠻糊／蛮糊

Etymology

Etymology unclear. A literal derivation is unlikely. First attested in the Tang dynasty. If not a loanword from an Altaic language, it is likely that this is a disyllabic derivative of the Old Chinese root *m̥aŋ/m̥oŋ/m̥ɯŋ ("unclear, confused"), which had numerous descendants, for example 盲 (máng, “to be blind”), 茫 (máng, “boundless and indistinct”), 蒙 (méng, “darkness”), 夢／梦 (mèng, “dream”), 昏 (hūn, “dim, confused”). Compare 馬虎／马虎 (mǎhu, “careless”), 麻胡 (máhú, “a mythical ferocious character”), 瑪呼／玛呼 (mǎhū, “(to put on) a mask”), 糊塗／糊涂 (hútu, “confused, obfuscated”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): móhu, móhú, mōhu

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ ˙ㄏㄨ, ㄇㄛˊ ㄏㄨˊ, ㄇㄛ ˙ㄏㄨ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁴ wu⁴

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): mô͘-hô͘ / bô͘-hô͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): mo⁵ hu⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: móhu
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ ˙ㄏㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: móhů
    • Wade–Giles: mo²-hu⁵
    • Yale: mwó-hu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo.hu
    • Palladius: моху (moxu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ³⁵ xu³/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: móhú
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ ㄏㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: móhú
    • Wade–Giles: mo²-hu²
    • Yale: mwó-hú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mohwu
    • Palladius: моху (moxu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ³⁵ xu³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, common variant)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mōhu
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄛ ˙ㄏㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mohů
    • Wade–Giles: mo¹-hu⁵
    • Yale: mwō-hu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mho.hu
    • Palladius: моху (moxu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ⁵⁵ xu²/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: mou⁴ wu⁴
    • Yale: mòuh wùh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴ wu⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴ wu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹ wuː²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mô͘-hô͘
    • Tâi-lô: môo-hôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: mo'hoo
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² hɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɔ̃¹³⁻²² hɔ¹³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bô͘-hô͘
    • Tâi-lô: bôo-hôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bo'hoo
    • IPA (Taipei): /bɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔ²³⁻³³ hɔ²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bɔ²⁴⁻²² hɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔ¹³⁻²² hɔ¹³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: mo⁵ hu⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mô hû
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hu⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: mu hu

Rime
Character	模	糊
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	莫胡切	戸吳切
Baxter	mu	hu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muo/	/ɦuo/
Pan Wuyun	/muo/	/ɦuo/
Shao Rongfen	/mo/	/ɣo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mɔ/	/ɦɔ/
Li Rong	/mo/	/ɣo/
Wang Li	/mu/	/ɣu/
Bernard Karlgren	/muo/	/ɣuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mú	hú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mou4	wu4

Adjective

模糊

1. blurry; vague; obscure; fuzzy

   我的電腦屏幕突然變得模糊不清。 [MSC, trad.]
   我的电脑屏幕突然变得模糊不清。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ de diànnǎo píngmù tūrán biàndé móhu bùqīng. [Pinyin]

   My computer screen suddenly went blurry.

   我模模糊糊記得他的樣子。 [MSC, trad.]
   我模模糊糊记得他的样子。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ mómóhuhu jìdé tā de yàngzi. [Pinyin]

   I vaguely remember what he looked like.

Synonyms

• 不清 (bùqīng)
• 低迷 (dīmí)
• 依稀 (yīxī)
• 含混 (hánhùn)
• 含糊
• 微茫 (wēimáng) (formal)
• 恍惚 (huǎnghū)
• 朦朧／朦胧 (ménglóng)
• 模稜／模棱 (móléng)
• 淡漠 (dànmò)
• 約略／约略 (yuēlüè)
• 迷離／迷离 (mílí) (literary)
• 隱約／隐约 (yǐnyuē)
• 隱隱／隐隐 (yǐnyǐn)

 

Antonyms

• 清晰 (qīngxī)

Derived terms

• 模模糊糊
• 模糊不清 (móhúbùqīng)
• 模糊數學／模糊数学
• 模糊理論／模糊理论
• 模糊邏輯／模糊逻辑 (móhú luójí)
• 模糊音 (móhúyīn)
• 血肉模糊 (xuèròumóhú)

 

Related terms

• 迷糊 (míhu)

Verb

模糊

1. to blur; to confuse; to mix up

   別模糊這兩個成語之間的差別。 [MSC, trad.]
   别模糊这两个成语之间的差别。 [MSC, simp.]

   Bié móhu zhè liǎng ge chéngyǔ zhījiān de chābié. [Pinyin]

   Don't mix up the differences between these two idioms.

Synonyms

• 串
• 亂／乱 (luàn) (literary, or in compounds)
• 夾雜／夹杂 (jiāzá)
• 廝混／厮混 (sīhùn)
• 拍濫／拍滥 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 拍相濫／拍相滥 (Xiamen Hokkien)
• 摻和／掺和
• 摻濫／掺滥 (Hokkien)
• 摻雜／掺杂 (chānzá)
• 混同 (hùntóng)
• 混合
• 混淆
• 混雜／混杂
• 相濫／相滥 (Xiamen Hokkien)
• 羼雜／羼杂 (chànzá)