牡蠣
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See also: 牡蛎
Chinese[edit]
| phonetic | oyster | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (牡蠣) | 牡 | 蠣 | |
| simp. (牡蛎) | 牡 | 蛎 | |
Etymology[edit]
Probably from 蠣 (OC *mə-rat-s), with the preinitial *mə- written out as 牡 (Baxter and Sagart, 2020).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
牡蠣
- oyster
- 2005, 5:51 from the start, in 《我的野蠻奶奶》 [Wars of In-laws][1], episode 6, spoken by 喜塔臘鑠蘭 [Hei Tat-Lap Sheok Lan] (汪明荃 [Liza Wang]):
- 呢一碗呢就係阿膠熟地煲牡蠣，滋陰補氣，養血固胎嘅。 [Cantonese, trad.]
- ni1 jat1 wun2 ne1 zau6 hai6 o1 gaau1 suk6 dei6 bou1 maau5 lai6, zi1 jam1 bou2 hei3, joeng5 hyut3 gu3 toi1 ge3. [Jyutping]
- This bowl is oysters with donkey-hide gelatin and rehmannia, for enriching yin, tonifying qi, nourishing blood, and securing the foetus.
呢一碗呢就系阿胶熟地煲牡蛎，滋阴补气，养血固胎嘅。 [Cantonese, simp.]
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 牡蠣 (“oyster”) [map]
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Japanese[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 牡 | 蠣 |
| Jinmeiyō | Hyōgaiji |
| irregular | |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 硴 蠣 牡蛎 (shinjitai) 蛎 |
Probably a shift from either:
- 掻き (kaki, “scratching, scraping”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 掻く (kaku, “to scratch, to scrape”), from the way that oysters are harvested by scraping them off of the oyster bed
- 欠き (kaki, “breaking, chipping”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 欠く (kaku, “to break, to chip”), from the way that one must break or chip an oyster shell to get at the meat
The spelling is from Chinese 牡蠣／牡蛎 (mǔlì), as an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- oyster (edible)
Usage notes[edit]
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as カキ.
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 牡 | 蠣 |
| ぼ Jinmeiyō |
れい Hyōgaiji |
| on’yomi | |
From Middle Chinese 牡蠣 (MC muwX ljejH).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- an oyster
- roasted and powdered oyster shell, used in antacids, sedatives, and as a bird feed additive
See also[edit]
- 真珠貝 (shinjugai, “pearl oyster”) (inedible)
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Further reading[edit]
- Etymology entry for 牡蠣 at Gogen Jiten (Etymology Dictionary; in Japanese): http://gogen-allguide.com/ka/kaki_kai.html
- Etymology entry for 牡蠣 at Japan Dictionary (in Japanese): http://www.nihonjiten.com/data/45551.html
Categories:
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Cantonese terms with usage examples
- zh:Bivalves
- zh:Seafood
- Japanese terms spelled with 牡
- Japanese terms spelled with 蠣
- Japanese terms with irregular kanji readings
- Japanese terms derived from Chinese
- Japanese terms spelled with jukujikun
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with hyōgaiji kanji
- Japanese terms written with two Han script characters
- Japanese terms spelled with 牡 read as ぼ
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- ja:Bivalves
- ja:Seafood