firm; fast | hard; strong; solid hard; strong; solid; sure | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (牢固) |
牢 | 固 |
Rime | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 牢 | 固 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 見 (28) |
Final (韻) | 豪 (89) | 模 (23) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
Division (等) | I | I |
Fanqie | 魯刀切 | 古暮切 |
Baxter | law | kuH |
Reconstructions | ||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/lɑu/ | /kuoH/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/lɑu/ | /kuoH/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/lɑu/ | /koH/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/law/ | /kɔH/ |
Li Rong |
/lɑu/ | /koH/ |
Wang Li |
/lɑu/ | /kuH/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/lɑu/ | /kuoH/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
láo | gù |
Expected Cantonese Reflex |
lou4 | gu3 |
牢固