犬
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Translingual[edit]
Stroke order | |||
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Alternative forms[edit]
- 犭 (when used as a left Chinese radical)
Although the alternative form clearly shows only three strokes, it is still counted as four strokes when using a Chinese dictionary. Compare 氵 from 水 (“water”), 扌 from 手 (“hand”), and 忄 from 心 (“heart”), all of which are 3-stroke forms from 4-stroke characters.
Han character[edit]
犬 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 戈大 (IK), four-corner 43030, composition ⿺大丶)
- Kangxi radical #94, ⽝.
Derived characters[edit]
- Appendix:Chinese radical/犬
- 伏, 吠, 𡉩, 𫰋, 𢗗, 㧋, 汱, 迖, 𣅤, 枤, 𤘲, 㺴, 肰, 𤯂, 畎, 𮉿, 紎, 𦨚, 𡌤, 𧿡, 䣭, 𤱶, 𮡧, 𮣺, 𭪝, 𩎓, 𩖮, 𬙠, 䭾, 𩫈, 𩵥, 𩿁, 默(黙), 鼣, 𫜤
- 𩿛, 𩡷, 宊, 𦬫, 戾, 𦊅, 突, 哭, 类, 𥬇, 臭, 𦬦, 𩬇, 𧱾, 厌, 𤴻, 𪊏, 𬮇(𬮝)
References[edit]
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 705, character 27
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20234
- Dae Jaweon: page 1118, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1331, character 1
- Unihan data for U+72AC
Chinese[edit]
simp. and trad. |
犬 |
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Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 犬 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Pictogram (象形) – the side view of a dog.
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n (“dog”); cognate with Tibetan ཁྱི (khyi, “dog”), Burmese ခွေး (hkwe:, “dog”).
This common Sino-Tibetan word has been replaced by 狗 (OC *koːʔ) in most topolects except Eastern Min, such as Fuzhou kēng. In other topolects, this word is mainly found in compounds and not used alone.
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
犬
- (formal or in compounds or Eastern Min, Waxiang, dialectal Wu) dog
- 警犬 ― jǐngquǎn ― police dog
- 效馬效羊者右牽之;效犬者左牽之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Xiào mǎ xiào yáng zhě yòu qiān zhī; xiào quǎn zhě zuǒ qiān zhī. [Pinyin]
- He who is presenting a horse or a sheep should lead it with his right hand. He who is presenting a dog should lead it with his left hand.
效马效羊者右牵之;效犬者左牵之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Synonyms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
- 使犬 (Shǐquǎn)
- 北極犬/北极犬
- 反犬旁 (fǎnquǎnpáng)
- 反犬旁兒/反犬旁儿 (fǎnquǎnpángr)
- 名犬
- 哮天犬 (xiàotiānquǎn)
- 喪家之犬/丧家之犬 (sàngjiāzhīquǎn)
- 嚮導犬/向导犬
- 土雞瓦犬/土鸡瓦犬
- 大犬星座
- 尋回犬/寻回犬 (xúnhuíquǎn)
- 小犬 (xiǎoquǎn)
- 德國狼犬/德国狼犬
- 惡犬/恶犬 (èquǎn)
- 悲犬咸陽
- 放鷹逐犬/放鹰逐犬
- 東門黃犬/东门黄犬
- 柴犬 (cháiquǎn)
- 桀犬吠堯/桀犬吠尧
- 淮南雞犬/淮南鸡犬
- 烹犬藏弓
- 牧羊犬 (mùyángquǎn)
- 犬不夜吠
- 犬儒學派/犬儒学派
- 犬兔俱斃/犬兔俱毙
- 犬吠之盜/犬吠之盗
- 犬吠之警
- 犬子 (quǎnzǐ)
- 犬彘
- 犬彘之食
- 犬戎 (Quǎnróng)
- 犬母
- 犬牙 (quǎnyá)
- 犬牙交錯/犬牙交错 (quǎnyájiāocuò)
- 犬牙差互
- 犬牙盤石/犬牙盘石
- 犬牙相制
- 犬牙相臨/犬牙相临
- 犬牙相錯/犬牙相错
- 犬牙鷹爪/犬牙鹰爪
- 犬馬/犬马 (quǎnmǎ)
- 犬馬之力/犬马之力 (quǎnmǎzhīlì)
- 犬馬之勞/犬马之劳 (quǎnmǎzhīláo)
- 犬馬之命/犬马之命
- 犬馬之報/犬马之报 (quǎnmǎzhībào)
- 犬馬之年/犬马之年
- 犬馬之心/犬马之心
- 犬馬之戀/犬马之恋
- 犬馬之疾/犬马之疾
- 犬馬之養/犬马之养
- 犬馬戀主/犬马恋主
- 犬馬齒殲/犬马齿歼
- 犬馬齒窮/犬马齿穷
- 犬馬齒索/犬马齿索
- 犬齒/犬齿 (quǎnchǐ)
- 狂犬病 (kuángquǎnbìng)
- 狼犬
- 獒犬
- 獵犬/猎犬 (lièquǎn)
- 獵犬座/猎犬座 (Lièquǎnzuò)
- 畫虎成犬/画虎成犬
- 畫虎類犬/画虎类犬
- 盧犬/卢犬
- 粵犬吠雪/粤犬吠雪
- 義犬/义犬
- 聲色犬馬/声色犬马 (shēngsèquǎnmǎ)
- 臺灣犬/台湾犬
- 蜀犬吠日 (shǔquǎnfèirì)
- 蝴蝶犬 (húdiéquǎn)
- 見兔顧犬/见兔顾犬
- 警犬 (jǐngquǎn)
- 豚兒犬子/豚儿犬子
- 豚犬 (túnquǎn)
- 越犬吠雪
- 跖犬吠堯/跖犬吠尧
- 軍犬/军犬 (jūnquǎn)
- 邑犬群吠
- 野犬 (yěquǎn)
- 陶犬瓦雞/陶犬瓦鸡
- 雞犬不寧/鸡犬不宁 (jīquǎnbùníng)
- 雞犬不留/鸡犬不留
- 雞犬不驚/鸡犬不惊 (jīquǎnbùjīng)
- 雞犬俱升
- 雞犬升天 (jīquǎnshēngtiān)
- 雞犬桑麻/鸡犬桑麻
- 雞犬皆仙/鸡犬皆仙
- 雞犬相聞/鸡犬相闻
- 雞鳴犬吠/鸡鸣犬吠
- 顧犬補牢/顾犬补牢
- 飛鷹走犬/飞鹰走犬
- 驢鳴犬吠/驴鸣犬吠
- 鬆獅犬/松狮犬 (sōngshīquǎn)
- 鬥犬/斗犬
- 鷹犬/鹰犬 (yīngquǎn)
- 黃犬音/黄犬音
Descendants[edit]
- Bai: *qʰuaŋ²
References[edit]
- “犬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Further reading[edit]
- Victor Mair, "Of dogs and Old Sinitic reconstructions" on Language Log (March 7, 2018)
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)←けん (ken, historical)←くゑん (kwen, ancient)
- Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)←けん (ken, historical)←くゑん (kwen, ancient)
- Kun: いぬ (inu, 犬, Jōyō)
Compounds[edit]
- 一犬 (ikken): one dog
- 雌犬 (mesuinu)
- 雄犬 (oinu), 牡犬 (oinu)
- 家犬 (ieinu)
- 野犬 (yaken)
- 子犬 (koinu), 小犬 (koinu), 仔犬 (koinu)
- 愛犬 (aiken)
- 犬ちゃん (inu-chan)
- 秋田犬 (Akita inu), 秋田犬 (Akita ken)
- 土佐犬 (Tosa inu), 土佐犬 (Tosa inu)
- 柴犬 (Shiba inu), 柴犬 (Shiba ken)
- 猟犬 (ryōken)
- 狛犬 (komainu)
- 狩猟犬 (shuryōken)
- 警察犬 (keisatsuken)
- 攻撃犬 (kōgekiken)
- 三頭犬 (santōken)
- 犬張子 (inuhariko, “papier-mâché dog doll”)
- 老犬 (rōken): old dog
- 豚犬 (tonken): pig and dog; fool; my child
- 犬吠 (kenbai): the barking of a dog, or the sound thereof
- 駄犬 (daken): mongrel dog
- 雑犬 (zakken): mongrel dog
- 番犬 (banken)
- 警備犬 (keibiken)
- 探知犬 (tanchiken)
- 救助犬 (kyūjoken)
- 死体犬 (shitaiken)
- 麻薬犬 (mayakuken)
- 放火犬 (hōkaken)
- 盲導犬 (mōdōken)
- 聴導犬 (chōdōken)
- 介助犬 (kaijoken)
- 犬猿の仲 (ken'en no naka)
- 犬神 (inugami)
- 山犬 (yamainu)
- 鬣犬 (tategamiinu): hyena
- 犬歯 (kenshi, “canine tooth”)
Etymology[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
犬 |
いぬ Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
狗 |
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *enu. Derivation uncertain. Various theories exist, including derivation from ancient verb 往ぬ (inu, “to leave, to be gone”), from the way a dog will guard the house while the master is away; from a compound of 家 (ie, “house, home”) + 寝 (nu, “to sleep”, ancient monosyllabic form of modern 寝る neru); from ancient Japanese 狗 (enu < wenu, “puppy, dog”), itself of uncertain derivation; or as a borrowing from some other unknown language.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- dog, canine
- 犬に毎日餌を上げて下さい。
- Inu ni mainichi esa o agete kudasai.
- Please feed the dog every day.
- 犬に毎日餌を上げて下さい。
- servant; one who is loyal (like a dog)
- 会長の犬
- kaichō no inu
- a servant of the president
- 会長の犬
- spy
- 敵軍の犬
- tekigun no inu
- a spy of the hostile army
- 敵軍の犬
Usage notes[edit]
- As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as イヌ.
Synonyms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- → Yami: ino
References[edit]
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 犬 (MC khwenX).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᄏᆑᆫ〯 (Yale: khyyěn) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | 가히〮 (Yale: kàhí) | 견〯 (Yale: kyěn) |
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kjʌ̹n]
- Phonetic hangul: [견]
Hanja[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]
Miyako[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).
Noun[edit]
犬 (in)
Northern Amami-Oshima[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).
Noun[edit]
犬 (in)
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
犬 |
いん Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
犬 (in)
- dog (Canis familiaris); domestic dog
Compounds[edit]
- 犬子 (ingwā, “puppy, small dog”)
References[edit]
- “いん【犬】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
Southern Amami-Oshima[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).
Noun[edit]
犬 (in)
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
犬: Hán Việt readings: khuyển[1][2]
犬: Nôm readings: khuyển[1][3][4], chó[2]
References[edit]
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Kangxi Radicals block
- Han character radicals
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- CJKV radicals
- Han pictograms
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Cantonese terms with audio links
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
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- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
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- Xiang lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Sichuanese nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Taishanese nouns
- Gan nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Jin nouns
- Northern Min nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
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- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
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- zh:Canids
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- Grade 1 kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading けん
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading けん
- Japanese kanji with ancient goon reading くゑん
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading けん
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading けん
- Japanese kanji with ancient kan'on reading くゑん
- Japanese kanji with kun reading いぬ
- Japanese terms spelled with 犬 read as いぬ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with audio links
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
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- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 犬
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- ja:Canids
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Miyako Han characters
- Miyako lemmas
- Miyako nouns
- Miyako terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Miyako terms written with one Han script character
- Miyako terms spelled with 犬
- Miyako single-kanji terms
- mvi:Canids
- Northern Amami-Oshima Han characters
- Northern Amami-Oshima lemmas
- Northern Amami-Oshima nouns
- Northern Amami-Oshima terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Northern Amami-Oshima terms written with one Han script character
- Northern Amami-Oshima terms spelled with 犬
- Northern Amami-Oshima single-kanji terms
- ryn:Canids
- Okinawan Han characters
- Okinawan kanji with kun reading いん
- Okinawan terms spelled with 犬 read as いん
- Okinawan terms read with kun'yomi
- Okinawan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Okinawan lemmas
- Okinawan nouns
- Okinawan terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Okinawan terms written with one Han script character
- Okinawan terms spelled with 犬
- Okinawan single-kanji terms
- ryu:Canids
- Southern Amami-Oshima Han characters
- Southern Amami-Oshima lemmas
- Southern Amami-Oshima nouns
- Southern Amami-Oshima terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Southern Amami-Oshima terms written with one Han script character
- Southern Amami-Oshima terms spelled with 犬
- Southern Amami-Oshima single-kanji terms
- ams:Canids
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Nom