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Chinese[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Rime
|
Character
|
生
|
生
|
死
|
存
|
亡
|
Reading #
|
1/2
|
2/2
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
Initial (聲)
|
生 (21)
|
生 (21)
|
心 (16)
|
從 (15)
|
明 (4)
|
Final (韻)
|
庚 (109)
|
庚 (109)
|
脂 (17)
|
魂 (55)
|
陽 (106)
|
Tone (調)
|
Level (Ø)
|
Departing (H)
|
Rising (X)
|
Level (Ø)
|
Level (Ø)
|
Openness (開合)
|
Open
|
Open
|
Open
|
Closed
|
Closed
|
Division (等)
|
II
|
II
|
III
|
I
|
III
|
Fanqie
|
所庚切
|
所敬切
|
息姊切
|
徂尊切
|
武方切
|
Baxter
|
sraeng
|
sraengH
|
sijX
|
dzwon
|
mjang
|
Reconstructions
|
Zhengzhang Shangfang
|
/ʃˠæŋ/
|
/ʃˠæŋH/
|
/sˠiɪX/
|
/d͡zuən/
|
/mʉɐŋ/
|
Pan Wuyun
|
/ʃᵚaŋ/
|
/ʃᵚaŋH/
|
/sᵚiX/
|
/d͡zuon/
|
/mʷiɐŋ/
|
Shao Rongfen
|
/ʃaŋ/
|
/ʃaŋH/
|
/siɪX/
|
/d͡zuən/
|
/miuɑŋ/
|
Edwin Pulleyblank
|
/ʂaɨjŋ/
|
/ʂaɨjŋH/
|
/sjiX/
|
/d͡zwən/
|
/muaŋ/
|
Li Rong
|
/ʃɐŋ/
|
/ʃɐŋH/
|
/sjiX/
|
/d͡zuən/
|
/miuaŋ/
|
Wang Li
|
/ʃɐŋ/
|
/ʃɐŋH/
|
/siX/
|
/d͡zuən/
|
/mĭwaŋ/
|
Bernard Karlgren
|
/ʂɐŋ/
|
/ʂɐŋH/
|
/siX/
|
/d͡zʱuən/
|
/miwaŋ/
|
Expected Mandarin Reflex
|
shēng
|
shèng
|
sǐ
|
cún
|
wáng
|
Expected Cantonese Reflex
|
sang1
|
sang3
|
si2
|
cyun4
|
mong4
|
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
|
Character
|
生
|
生
|
生
|
死
|
存
|
亡
|
Reading #
|
1/3
|
2/3
|
3/3
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
|
shēng
|
shēng
|
shēng
|
sǐ
|
cún
|
wáng
|
Middle Chinese
|
‹ sræng ›
|
‹ sræng ›
|
‹ srjæng ›
|
‹ sijX ›
|
‹ dzwon ›
|
‹ mjang ›
|
Old Chinese
|
/*sreŋ/ (MC srj- > sr-; or *s.reŋ ?)
|
/*sreŋ/
|
/*sreŋ/ (or *s.reŋ ?)
|
/*sijʔ/
|
/*[dz]ˁə[n]/
|
/*maŋ/
|
English
|
bear, be born; live
|
fresh, raw
|
bear, be born; live
|
die (v.)
|
exist
|
flee; disappear; die
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
Character
|
生
|
生
|
死
|
存
|
亡
|
Reading #
|
1/2
|
2/2
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
No.
|
11312
|
11322
|
12006
|
1905
|
12662
|
Phonetic component
|
生
|
生
|
死
|
存
|
亡
|
Rime group
|
耕
|
耕
|
脂
|
文
|
陽
|
Rime subdivision
|
0
|
0
|
2
|
1
|
0
|
Corresponding MC rime
|
生
|
生
|
死
|
存
|
亡
|
Old Chinese
|
/*sʰleːŋ/
|
/*sreŋs/
|
/*hljiʔ/
|
/*zluːn/
|
/*maŋ/
|
生死存亡
- life or death; survival or extinction
關係到人類的生死存亡 [MSC, trad.]
关系到人类的生死存亡 [MSC, simp.]- guānxì dào rénlèi de shēngsǐcúnwáng [Pinyin]
- to concern the survival of the human race
- matter of life and death; critical moment
- 生死存亡的關頭/生死存亡的关头 ― shēngsǐcúnwáng de guāntóu ― crucial juncture