窮乏

Chinese

		exhausted; poor	short of; tired
trad. (窮乏)		窮	乏
simp. (穷乏)		穷	乏

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qióngfá

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄈㄚˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qióngfá
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄈㄚˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cyóngfá
    • Wade–Giles: chʻiung²-fa²
    • Yale: chyúng-fá
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyongfar
    • Palladius: цюнфа (cjunfa)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵ fä³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: gjuwng bjop

Rime
Character	窮	乏
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	東 (2)	凡 (148)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	渠弓切	房法切
Baxter	gjuwng	bjop
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨuŋ/	/bɨɐp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡiuŋ/	/biɐp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiuŋ/	/biɐp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/guwŋ/	/buap̚/
Li Rong	/ɡiuŋ/	/biɐp̚/
Wang Li	/ɡĭuŋ/	/bĭwɐp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯uŋ/	/bʱi̯wɐp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qióng	fá
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kung4	faat6

Adjective

窮乏

1. (literary) impoverished; poverty-stricken

Synonyms

• 厄 (literary, or in compounds)
• 困乏 (kùnfá) (formal)
• 困窘 (kùnjiǒng)
• 困窮／困穷 (kùnqióng)
• 困苦 (kùnkǔ)
• 困難／困难
• 困頓／困顿 (kùndùn)
• 宋凶 (Hokkien)
• 散 (Hokkien)
• 散凶 (Hokkien)
• 散赤 (Hokkien)
• 清苦 (qīngkǔ) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
• 淡薄 (dànbó) (literary)
• 清貧／清贫 (qīngpín) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
• 㾪赤 (Hokkien)
• 磽／硗 (Teochew)
• 䆀康 (Hokkien)
• 空乏 (kòngfá) (literary)
• 窄
• 窘促 (jiǒngcù) (literary)
• 窘困 (jiǒngkùn)
• 窘迫 (jiǒngpò)
• 窮／穷 (qióng)
• 窮困／穷困 (qióngkùn)
• 窮㾪／穷㾪 (Hokkien)
• 窮苦／穷苦 (qióngkǔ)
• 窮赤／穷赤 (Hokkien)
• 艱苦／艰苦 (Hokkien)
• 苦寒 (kǔhán)
• 貧乏／贫乏 (pínfá)
• 貧困／贫困 (pínkùn)
• 貧寒／贫寒 (pínhán)
• 貧瘠／贫瘠 (pínjí) (literary)
• 貧窮／贫穷 (pínqióng)
• 貧苦／贫苦 (pínkǔ)