膜

膜	U+819C, 膜 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-819C

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

膜 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+10, 14 (Mainland China, Japan), 15 (Hong Kong) strokes, cangjie input 月廿日大 (BTAK), four-corner 7423₄, composition ⿰月莫)

Related characters[edit]

募墓幕慕

References[edit]

Kangxi Dictionary: page 993, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29808
Dae Jaweon: page 1444, character 28
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2100, character 13
Unihan data for U+819C

Chinese[edit]

trad.		膜
simp. ^#		膜
alternative forms		𦟦

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 膜
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (莫) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蟆	*mraː
鬕	*mraːɡs
饃	*maːl
模	*maː
摸	maː, maːɡ
嫫	*maː
謨	*maː
膜	maː, maːɡ
摹	*maː
暮	*maːɡs
慕	*maːɡs
募	*maːɡs
墓	*maːɡs
慔	*maːɡs
莫	*maːɡ
寞	*maːɡ
漠	*maːɡ
幕	*maːɡ
鏌	*maːɡ
瘼	*maːɡ
鄚	*maːɡ
瞙	*maːɡ
嗼	maːɡ, mraːɡ
塻	*maːɡ
貘	*mraːɡ
驀	*mraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maː, *maːɡ) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ).

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mó, mò

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ, ㄇㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mok⁶, mok^6-2
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): mo̍k

(Meixian, Guangdong): mog⁵
Eastern Min (BUC): mŏ̤h
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bo̍k / mo̍͘h / bo̍h / mo͘h

(Teochew, Peng'im): moh⁸
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁸moq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mó
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mó
  - Wade–Giles: mo²
  - Yale: mwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
  - Palladius: мо (mo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mò
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mò
  - Wade–Giles: mo⁴
  - Yale: mwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
  - Palladius: мо (mo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mok⁶, mok^6-2
  - Yale: mohk, mók
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mok⁹, mok^9-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: mog⁶, mog^6-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔːk̚²/, /mɔːk̚²⁻³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mo̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: mog
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mog⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /mok̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: mog⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /mɔk̚¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: mŏ̤h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /moʔ⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍k
  - Tâi-lô: bo̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bok
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mo̍͘h
  - Tâi-lô: mo̍oh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: moh
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /mɔ̃ʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɔ̃ʔ¹²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /mɔ̃ʔ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍h
  - Tâi-lô: bo̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boih
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /boʔ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mo͘h
  - Tâi-lô: mooh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: moq
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /mɔ̃ʔ³²/

Note:

bo̍k - literary;
mo̍͘h/bo̍h/mo͘h - vernacular (“membrane; film”).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: moh⁸
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mo̍h
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /moʔ⁴/

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁸moq
  - MiniDict: moh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵moq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /moʔ¹²/

Middle Chinese: mak

Rime
Character	膜
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	唐 (103)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	慕各切
Baxter	mak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/mɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/mɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mak̚/
Li Rong	/mɑk̚/
Wang Li	/mɑk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/mɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mok⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*maːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	膜
Reading #	2/2
No.	9253
Phonetic component	莫
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	莫
Old Chinese	/*maːɡ/

Definitions[edit]

膜

Wikipedia has articles on:

膜 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
Membrane (English)

membrane; film
細胞膜／细胞膜 ― xìbāomó ― cell membrane

保鮮膜／保鲜膜 ― bǎoxiānmó ― plastic wrap

鍍鋁膜／镀铝膜 ― dùlǚmó ― aluminum-coated polyester film
(physics) brane
(obsolete) small gap
(dialectal, obsolete) to placate
Alternative form of 漠 (mò)

Compounds[edit]

保鮮膜／保鲜膜 (bǎoxiānmó)
側膜胎座／侧膜胎座
內膜／内膜 (nèimó)
包膜
口腔黏膜
基底膜 (jīdǐmó)
外膜
孢膜
心內膜／心内膜 (xīnnèimó)
心內膜炎／心内膜炎 (xīnnèimóyán)
心外膜 (xīnwàimó)
心瓣膜 (xīnbànmó)
核膜 (hémó)
橫膈膜／横膈膜 (hénggémó)
液泡膜
漿膜／浆膜 (jiāngmó)
瓣膜 (bànmó)
皮膜組織／皮膜组织
皮裡膜外／皮里膜外
眼角膜 (yǎnjiǎomó)
硬腦膜／硬脑膜 (yìngnǎomó)
視網膜／视网膜 (shìwǎngmó)
笛膜
筋膜炎 (jīnmóyán)
細胞膜／细胞膜 (xìbāomó)
結膜／结膜 (jiémó)
結膜炎／结膜炎 (jiémóyán)
網膜／网膜 (wǎngmó)
網膜剝離／网膜剥离
羊膜 (yángmó)
羊膜穿刺 (yángmó chuāncì)
羊膜類／羊膜类
耳膜 (ěrmó)
肌膜 (jīmó)
肋膜
肋膜炎
肺膜
胎膜 (tāimó)
脈絡膜／脉络膜 (màiluòmó)
胸膜 (xiōngmó)
胸膜炎 (xiōngmóyán)
腸繫膜／肠系膜 (chángxìmó)
腹膜 (fùmó)
腦膜／脑膜 (nǎomó)
腦膜炎／脑膜炎 (nǎomóyán)
腹膜炎 (fùmóyán)
膈膜 (gémó)
膜外
膜外概置
膜孔
膜翅類／膜翅类
膜鳴樂器／膜鸣乐器
薄膜
處女膜／处女膜
虹彩膜
虹膜 (hóngmó)
蠟膜／蜡膜
角膜 (jiǎomó)
角膜炎 (jiǎomóyán)
豬心瓣膜／猪心瓣膜
透性膜
隔膜 (gémó)
鞏膜／巩膜 (gǒngmó)
頰黏膜／颊黏膜
骨膜 (gǔmó)
骨膜炎
髓膜炎
黏膜 (niánmó)
鼓膜 (gǔmó)
鼓膜炎
鼻黏膜

Etymology 2[edit]

Clipping of 南膜 (MC nom mu), which is from Sanskrit नमस् (namas, “bow; obeisance; salutation”). Compare 南無.

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mó (mo²)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mó
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mó
  - Wade–Giles: mo²
  - Yale: mwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
  - Palladius: мо (mo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mou⁴
  - Yale: mòuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹/

Middle Chinese: mu

Rime
Character	膜
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫胡切
Baxter	mu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muo/
Pan Wuyun	/muo/
Shao Rongfen	/mo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mɔ/
Li Rong	/mo/
Wang Li	/mu/
Bernard Karlgren	/muo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mou⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*maː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	膜
Reading #	1/2
No.	9245
Phonetic component	莫
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	模
Old Chinese	/*maː/

Definitions[edit]

膜

to prostrate

Compounds[edit]

膜唄／膜呗
膜拜 (móbài)
膜蛤 (móhá)

References[edit]

“膜”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03361

Japanese[edit]

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

膜

Wikipedia ^ja

Kanji[edit]

膜

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

membrane; film

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

葡萄膜(ぶどうまく) (budōmaku): uvea
尿膜管(にょうまくかん) (nyōmakukan): urachus

Pronunciation[edit]

Kanji in this term
膜
まく Grade: S
on’yomi

(Tokyo) まく [màkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ma̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun[edit]

膜(まく) • (maku)

membrane; film

References[edit]

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 膜 (MC mak). Recorded as Middle Korean 막〮 (mák) (Yale: mak) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

膜

Wikisource

膜 (eumhun 꺼풀 막 (kkeopul mak))

Hanja form^? of 막 (“membrane; film”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

복막 (腹膜, bongmak)
각막 (角膜, gangmak)
고막 (鼓膜, gomak)
점막 (粘膜, jeommak)
망막 (網膜, mangmak)
격막 (膈膜, gyeongmak)
흉막 (胸膜, hyungmak)
뇌막 (腦膜, noemak)
세포막 (細胞膜, sepomak)
횡격막 (橫膈膜, hoenggyeongmak)
처녀막 (處女膜, cheonyeomak)
각막염 (角膜炎, gangmagyeom)

References[edit]

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

膜: Hán Nôm readings: màng, mô

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

膜

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

References[edit]

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

Navigation menu

膜

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

References[edit]

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

Navigation menu

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