荔枝

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Chinese[edit]

phonetic
trad. (荔枝) 荔 枝
simp. #(荔枝) 荔 枝
alternative forms
 
茘枝
荔支
荔芰
離枝／离枝
離支／离支
茘枝
荔支
荔芰
離枝／离枝
離支／离支
欐支／𪲔支
麗支／丽支
蓮枝／莲枝 Min Nan; Puxian Min
Wikipedia has an article on:
荔枝

Etymology[edit]

Unknown. First attested as 離支 in the “Rhapsody on the Shanglin Park” (上林賦) by Sima Xiangru of the West Han dynasty. During the time of Emperor Wu of Han, lychee was one of the exotic plants cultivated in the grand imperial Shanglin Park, introduced from China's south.

Traditionally, 荔 has been interpreted as equivalent to 劙 (“to sever; to partition”), based on an excerpt from Funan-ji (扶南記), a now-lost text cited in other works, such as the Taiping Guangji (太平廣記):

荔枝為名者，以其結實時，枝條弱而蒂牢，不可摘取，以刀斧劙取其枝，故以為名。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
荔枝为名者，以其结实时，枝条弱而蒂牢，不可摘取，以刀斧劙取其枝，故以为名。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
From: Taiping Guangji (Extensive Records of the Taiping Era), 978 CE
Lìzhī wéi míng zhě, yǐ qí jiéshí shí, zhītiáo ruò ér dì láo, bùkě zhāiqǔ, yǐ dāofǔ lí qǔ qí zhī, gù yǐ wéi míng. [Pinyin]
That which bears the name lizhi, when it bears fruits, the small branches are weak but the stem is firm, so it cannot be picked by hand and must be severed with a knife or axe, hence its name.

The Compendium of Materia Medica, citing the “Preface to Lychee Painting” (荔枝圖序) by Bai Juyi, interprets 離支 orthographically:

白居易云：若離本枝，一日色變，三日味變。則離支之名，又或取此義也。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
白居易云：若离本枝，一日色变，三日味变。则离支之名，又或取此义也。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
From: The Compendium of Materia Medica [Bencao Gangmu], by Li Shizhen, 1578 CE
Bái Jūyì yún: ruò lí běn zhī, yī rì sè biàn, sān rì wèi biàn. Zé lìzhī zhī míng, yòu huò qǔ cǐ yì yě. [Pinyin]
Bai Juyi said, “If it [lychee] was removed from the branch, its colour will change in a day, its taste in three days.” So the name lizhi [lit. “removed from branch”] may be chosen for this meaning.

Recent studies have discounted the above as folk etymologies, proposing instead that it is a disyllabic borrowing from a Kra-Dai language during the Late Old Chinese period; compare modern Zhuang laehcei, Tai Nüa ᥛᥣᥐᥱᥐᥣᥭᥱ (mǎakkǎay), Hlai coeis (Wei, 2000; Ban and Su, 2017). The precise shape of the source word is now obscure, and there are two possibilities that can explain the disyllabicity of the borrowing (Ban and Su, 2017):

  • That the first syllable transcribed a Kra-Dai class noun (perhaps “fruit”), and the second syllable, 枝 (OC *kje), corresponded to the Tai-Kadai name for “lychee”; or
  • That the Kra-Dai source word for “lychee” was disyllabic and already not easily analysable.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: liān-chi - often written as 蓮枝.
Rime
Character 荔 枝
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 支 (11) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 力智切 章移切
Baxter ljeH tsye
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/liᴇH/ /t͡ɕiᴇ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/liɛH/ /t͡ɕiɛ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ljɛH/ /t͡ɕjɛ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/liə̆H/ /ciə̆/
Li
Rong 		/lieH/ /t͡ɕie/
Wang
Li 		/lǐeH/ /t͡ɕǐe/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/lie̯H/ /t͡ɕie̯/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lì zhī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lei6 zi1

Noun[edit]

荔枝

荔枝

  1. lychee (Litchi chinensis) (Classifier: 顆／颗 m; 粒 c mn; 抽 c)

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 荔枝 (“lychee”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 荔枝, 荔子, 丹荔, 香囊 figurative
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 荔枝
Taxonomic name 荔枝
Mandarin Beijing 荔枝
Taiwan 荔枝
Harbin 荔枝
Yantai (Muping) 荔枝
Jinan 荔枝
Luoyang 荔枝
Xi'an 荔枝
Lanzhou 荔枝
Xining 荔枝
Wuhan 荔枝
Chengdu 荔枝
Guiyang 荔枝
Guilin 荔枝
Liuzhou 荔枝, 荔枝果
Nanning (Wuming) 荔枝
Xuzhou 荔枝, 錦荔枝
Yangzhou 荔枝
Nanjing 荔枝
Singapore 荔枝
Dagudi (Maliba) 荔枝
Reshuitang (Longling) 荔枝
Mae Salong (Lancang) 荔枝
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 荔枝
Cantonese Guangzhou 荔枝
Hong Kong 荔枝
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 荔枝
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 荔枝
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 荔枝
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 荔枝
Macau 荔枝
Guangzhou (Panyu) 荔枝
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 荔枝
Guangzhou (Conghua) 荔枝
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 荔枝
Foshan 荔枝
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 荔枝
Foshan (Shunde) 荔枝
Foshan (Sanshui) 荔枝
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 荔枝
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 荔枝
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 荔枝
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 荔枝
Zhuhai (Doumen) 荔枝
Jiangmen (Baisha) 荔枝
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 荔枝
Taishan 荔枝
Kaiping (Chikan) 荔枝
Enping (Niujiang) 荔枝
Heshan (Yayao) 荔枝
Dongguan 荔枝
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 荔枝
Qingyuan 荔枝
Fogang 荔枝
Yingde (Hanguang) 荔枝
Yangshan 荔枝
Lianshan (Butian) 荔枝
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 荔枝
Shaoguan 荔枝
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 荔枝
Renhua 荔枝
Lechang 荔枝
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 荔枝
Sihui 荔枝
Guangning 荔枝
Deqing 荔枝
Huaiji 荔枝
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 荔枝
Yunfu 荔枝
Xinxing 荔枝
Luoding 荔枝
Yunan (Pingtai) 荔枝
Xinyi 荔枝
Lianjiang 荔枝
Nanning 荔枝
Wuzhou 荔枝
Yulin 荔枝子
Rongxian 荔枝
Hepu (Lianzhou) 荔枝
Hepu (Shatian) 荔枝
Guiping 荔枝
Guiping (Mule) 荔枝
Pingnan 荔枝
Guigang (Gangcheng) 荔枝
Guigang (Pingdong) 荔枝
Baise 荔枝
Beihai 荔枝
Beihai (Nankang) 荔枝
Beihai (Yingpan) 荔枝
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 荔枝
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 荔枝
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 荔枝
Danzhou 荔枝
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 荔枝
Singapore (Guangfu) 荔枝
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 荔枝
Móng Cái 荔枝
Bangkok (Guangfu) 荔枝
Betong (Rongxian) 荔枝
Gan Nanchang 荔枝
Pengze 荔枝
Lichuan 元紅
Pingxiang 荔枝
Hakka Meixian 荔果
Xingning 荔果哩
Dabu (Xihe) 荔枝
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 荔果
Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) 荔果
Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) 荔果
Huiyang 荔果
Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) 荔果
Dongguan (Qingxi) 荔果
Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) 荔果
Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 荔果
Boluo (Bendihua) 荔果
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 荔果
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 荔果
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 荔枝
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 大果
Wuhua (Huacheng) 荔果, 荔枝
Wuhua (Changbu) 荔果
Wuhua (Mianyang) 荔果
Heyuan (Bendihua) 荔果
Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) 荔枝
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 荔枝
Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) 荔枝
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 荔枝
Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) 荔枝
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 荔枝
Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) 荔枝
Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) 荔枝
Conghua (Lütian) 荔枝
Jiexi 荔果
Luhe 荔枝
Raoping (Xinfeng) 荷包
Changting 荔枝
Yongding 荔枝
Yongding (Xiayang) 荔枝
Yongding (Gaobei) 荔枝
Yongding (Hukeng) 荔枝
Liancheng (Peitian) 荔枝
Liancheng (Zhongbao) 荔枝
Liancheng (Laiyuan) 荔枝
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 荔枝
Miaoli (Zaoqiao; N. Sixian) 荔枝
Miaoli (Touwu; N. Sixian) 荔枝
Miaoli (Nanzhuang; N. Sixian) 荔枝
Miaoli (Shitan; N. Sixian) 荔枝
Miaoli (Sanwan; N. Sixian) 荔枝
Miaoli (Toufen; N. Sixian) 荔枝
Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) 荔枝
Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) 荔枝
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 荔果
Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) 荔枝
Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) 荔果
Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) 荔枝, 荔果
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 荔枝
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 荔枝
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 荔枝
Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) 荔枝
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 荔枝
Nantou (Guoxing; Lufeng) 荔果, 荔枝
Hong Kong 荔果
Luchuan (Daqiao) 荔枝
Sabah (Longchuan) 荔枝
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 荔枝
Senai (Huiyang) 荔枝
Singkawang 荔枝
Bangkok (Meixian) 荔枝
Bangkok (Fengshun) 荔枝, 荔果
Bangkok (Jiexi) 荔果
Huizhou Jixi 荔枝
Jin Taiyuan 荔枝
Xinzhou 荔枝
Northern Min Jian'ou 荔枝
Eastern Min Fuzhou 荔枝
Fuqing 荔枝
Matsu 荔枝
Southern Min Xiamen 荔枝
Quanzhou 荔枝
Zhangzhou 荔枝
Yunxiao 綠荷包
Zhao'an 荔果
Dongshan 尿壺包
Taipei 荔枝
New Taipei (Sanxia) 荔枝
Kaohsiung 荔枝
Yilan 荔枝
Changhua (Lukang) 荔枝
Taichung 荔枝
Taichung (Wuqi) 荔枝
Tainan 荔枝
Taitung 荔枝
Hsinchu 荔枝
Kinmen 荔枝
Penghu (Magong) 荔枝
Penang (Hokkien) 荔枝
Singapore (Hokkien) 荔枝
Manila (Hokkien) 荔枝
Zhangping (Yongfu) 荔枝
Datian 荔枝
Pingnan (Shangdu) 荔枝
Chaozhou 荔果
Shantou 荔果
Shantou (Chenghai) 荔果
Shantou (Chaoyang) 荔果
Nan'ao (Houzhai) 荔果
Nan'ao (Yun'ao) 烏箬
Jieyang 荔果
Haifeng 荔果
Bangkok (Teochew) 荔果
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 荔果
Hat Yai (Teochew) 荔果
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 荔枝
Singapore (Teochew) 荔果
Pontianak (Teochew) 荔枝
Leizhou 麻籽
Wenchang 荔枝
Haikou 荔枝
Puxian Min Putian 荔枝
Putian (Donghai) 荔枝
Xianyou 荔枝
Central Min Yong'an 荔枝
Shaojiang Min Shaowu 荔枝
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 火山, 荔枝
Sanxiang 荔枝
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 荔枝
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 荔枝
Wu Shanghai 麻荔子, 荔枝
Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan) 荔枝
Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan) 麻荔子
Shanghai (Jiading) 荔枝, 麻荔子
Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong) 荔枝, 麻荔子
Shanghai (Songjiang) 荔枝, 麻荔子
Suzhou 荔枝
Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang) 荔枝
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) 荔枝
Wuxi 荔枝
Changshu 荔枝
Kunshan 荔枝
Jiaxing 荔枝
Changzhou 荔枝
Liyang 荔枝
Danyang 荔枝
Danyang (Tongjiaqiao) 荔枝
Jingjiang 荔枝
Jiangyin 荔枝
Huzhou (Shuanglin) 毛荔枝
Hangzhou 荔枝
Shaoxing 荔枝
Zhuji (Wangjiajing) 荔枝
Shengzhou (Chongren) 荔枝
Shengzhou (Taiping) 荔枝
Ningbo 荔枝
Yuyao 荔枝
Huangyan 荔枝
Wenzhou 荔枝
Quzhou 荔枝
Jinhua 荔枝
Yongkang 荔枝
Xiang Changsha 荔枝
Loudi 荔枝
Quanzhou 荔枝

Hypernyms[edit]

Hyponyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (荔枝):

Others:

Descendants
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=荔枝&oldid=78669106"