1[edit]

aan[edit]


PTG «	16th c.	17th c.	» LG


TPW «	18th c.	19th c.	» YRL


LG «	19th c.	20th c.	21st c.

yvytu[edit]

IPA^(key): /yvyˈtu/

Introduction[edit]

Note: Wikitionary uses the ISO code tpw from this language, despite it being labbeled as Língua Geral in other places.

Languages related (or not) to Old Tupi[edit]

The following languages are sometimes considered synonyms or confused with Old Tupi:

Tupinambá: dialect of Old Tupi spoken by the majority of the population at the time. One of the two known dialects of Old Tupi, the other being São Vicente's dialect.
Guaraní: considered the same language up to the 20th century, when Old Tupi's lexicon was rediscovered. Now considered a sister language of Old Tupi as both are descendants of Proto-Tupi-Guarani.

The following languages are descendants of Old Tupi:

Língua Geral Paulista, or Língua Geral Meridional.
Língua Geral Amazônica, or Língua Geral Setentrional.
- Nheengatu

Basics[edit]

Entry name[edit]

Pluriform lemma[edit]

The base form of the lemma without any afixes, is used, despite it being a noun, adjective or postposition.

Tupi Colors[edit]

Color table I was working on for Old Tupi. Have no idea how one says "color", though...

Colors in Old Tupi · [Term?] (layout · text)
tinga	pytanga	una
piranga	tingaíba; arã-kûaba	îuba
	oby
[Term?]		oby
	oby	pytanga

Tupi Pronouns[edit]

Old Tupi personal pronouns
Person	Number	Nominative Accusative			Possessive		Dative		Objective
Person	Number	Subject	1st class	2nd class	Nonreflexive	Reflexive	1st class	2nd class	Objective
Singular	1st		ixé	xe			ixébe	xebe
	2nd	îepé	endé	nde			endébe	ndebe	oro-
	3rd		a'e	i		o	i xuí
Plural	1st exc		oré				orébe
	1st inc		îandé				îandébe
	2nd	peîepé	peẽ	pe			peẽme	peme	opo-
	3rd		a'e	i		o	i xuí
	Indefinite		asé				asébe

Tupi Verbs[edit]

Old Tupi intransitive verb conjugation
	Singular			Plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person exclusive	1st person inclusive	2nd person	3rd person
Infinitive
Indicative	a-	ere-	o-	oro-	îa-	pe-	o-
Permissive	t'a-	t'ere-	t'o-	t'oro-	t'îa-	ta pe-	t'o-
Imperative		e-				pe-
Gerund¹	guî-	e-	o-	oro-	îa-	pe-	o-
¹-abo in verbs ending on a vowel; -a in verbs ending on a consonant; -pa in verbs ending on B

Solar Sistem - (neologism) kûarasyekó/kûarasytyba[edit]

Resto[edit]

2[edit]

Letters[edit]

Navarro (2013)

(Latin-script letters) kûatiara; A a (Á á, Ã ã), B b, E e (É é, Ẽ ẽ), G g, H h, I i (Í í, Ĩ ĩ), Î î, K k, M m, Mb mb, N n, Nd nd, Ng ng, Nh nh, O o (Ó ó, Õ õ), P p, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ũ ũ), Û û, X x, Y y (Ỹ ỹ), Ŷ ŷ, '

Appendix: Old Tupi pronunciation[edit]

In progress

See w:Tupi language.

Consonants
IPA	Representation	Example	Simmilar to
ʔ	'^{[n 1]}	mba'e (“thing”)	(ʔ)uh-(ʔ)oh
β̞	b	abá (“man”)	Spanish huevo
ɣ	g	ygara (“canoe”)	Icelandic saga
ɡʷ^{[n 2]}	gû	gûará (“scarlet ibis”)	guano
h	h	hẽhẽ (“yes”)	house
ʒ	î^{[n 3]}	îagûara (“jaguar”)	vision
k	k	ka'a (“forest”)	cat
kʷ	kû	kûarasy (“sun”)	quantic
m	m	mokaba (“gun”)	medic
ᵐb	mb	mboîa (“snake”)
n	n	nambi (“ear”)	nugget
ⁿd	nd	nde (“you”)
ŋ	ng	nhe'eng (“to speak”)	sing
ɲ	nh	kunhã (“woman”)	Spanish jalapeño
p	p	pó (“hand”)	pot
pʷ	pû	pûera (“old”)	pueblo
ɾ	r	gûariba (“howler monkey”)	better (AusE)
s	s^{[n 4]}	îasy (“moon”)	saturday
t	t	tatu (“armadillo”)	tower
ʃ	x	ixé (“I”)	shock
Semivowels
j	î	sabîá (“thrush”)	yes
w	û	apûã (“pointy”)	watch
ɨ̯	ŷ	apŷaba (“man”)
Vowels
a	a	arara (“macaw”)	hat (RP)
ɛ	e	sykyîé (“fear”)	bet
i	i	ãia (“tooth”)	free
ɔ	o	só (“to go”)	not (RP)
u	u	gûasu (“big”)	boot
ɨ	y	'ybá (“fruit”)	Russian быть (bytʹ)
ã	ã	marã (“evil”)	French croissant
ã	a^{[n 5]}	marakanã (“mini-macaw”)	French croissant
ɛ̃	ẽ	nha'ẽ (“plate”)	French brin
ɛ̃	e^{[n 5]}	nhe'enga (“language”)	French brin
ĩ	ĩ	mirĩ (“small”)	Portuguese assim
ĩ	i^{[n 5]}	tinga (“white”)	Portuguese assim
ɔ̃	õ	mokõi (“two”)	French son
ɔ̃	o^{[n 5]}	komixã (“grumichama”)	French son
ũ	ũ	apekũ (“tongue”)	Portuguese um
ũ	u^{[n 5]}	una (“black”)	Portuguese um
ɨ̃	ỹ	amỹîa (“grandfather”)	Japanese 君 (くん, kun)
ɨ̃	y^{[n 5]}	aroane'ym (“unproperly”)	Japanese 君 (くん, kun)

Diacritics
	Use
´	Primary stress
~	Nasalisation
^	Semivowel

Notes[edit]

^ USP's FFLCH uses a simple apostrophe (') in all its Old Tupi texts. The same is true to all of Navarro's works, including his dictionary and his course. Other languages that have the glottal stop, namely Guaraní, prefer to use the modifier letter apostrophe (ʼ) instead.
^ Some schoolars disagree this sound existed in Tupi, saying it came from a misundertanding of the Europeans at the time and that w was used in all cases.
^ At the beginning of a silabe, when no nasal phoneme is present on the same word.
^ Carvalho (1987) uses ç.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 ^5.5 When preceding M, N or next to a nasal vowel.

References[edit]

Pe. Antônio Lemos Barbosa (1956) Curso de Tupi Antigo: Gramática, Exercícios, Textos‎^[1] (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Livraria São José
Moacyr Ribeiro de Carvalho (1987) Dicionário tupi (antigo) português‎^[2] (in Portuguese), Salvador: Empresa Gráfica da Bahia
Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2005) Método moderno de tupi antigo: a língua do Brasil dos primeiros séculos‎^[3] (in Portuguese), 3 edition, São Paulo: Global, →ISBN
Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil‎^[4] (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN

3[edit]

Tupi Verbs[edit]

definitivo talvez[edit]

baseado nas tabelas em portugues e guarani

arrumo as cores depois

{{tpw-conj vi}} - intransitivo
{{tpw-conj vt}} - transitivo
{{tpw-conj irreg}} - irregular; esse tem que ver um por um q eles sao um pouco loucos

{tpw-conj vt
|{{{tema}}} - sem a ultima letra (ainda pensando num jeito melhor, mas sem Lua fica difícil)
|inicial=+ - se o verbo começar com i/î; remove o -î- pra não ficar duplicado
|mono=+ - troca o -î- por -îo-
|final=a, e, o ... - ultima letra do verbo vai aq em vez do tema; pra terminação do gerúndio, circunstacial e negativo
}

Conjugation of {title} (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)

Active
	Singular		Sing. & Plur.	Plural
	First-person	Second-person	Third-person	First-person exclusive	First-person inclusive	Second-person
Indicative	aîuká	ereîuká	oîuká	oroîuká	îaîuká	peîuká
Permissive	taîuká	tereîuká	toîuká	toroîuká	tîaîuká	ta peîuká
Imperative		eîuká				peîuká
Negative indicative	naîukáî	nereîukáî	noîukáî	noroîukáî	nîaîukáî	na peîukáî
Negative permissive	taîuká umẽ	tereîuká umẽ	toîuká umẽ	toroîuká umẽ	tîaîuká umẽ	ta peîuká umẽ
Negative imperative		eîuká umẽ				peîuká umẽ
Reflexive
Indicative	aîeîuká	ereîeîuká	oîeîuká	oroîeîuká	îaîeîuká	peîeîuká
Permissive	taîeîuká	tereîeîuká	toîeîuká	toroîeîuká	tîaîeîuká	ta peîeîuká
Imperative		eîeîuká				peîeîuká
Negative indicative	naîeîukáî	nereîeîukáî	noîeîukáî	noroîeîukáî	nîaîeîukáî	na peîeîukáî
Negative permissive	taîeîuká umẽ	tereîeîuká umẽ	toîeîuká umẽ	toroîeîuká umẽ	tîaîeîuká umẽ	ta peîeîuká umẽ
Negative imperative		eîeîuká umẽ				peîeîuká umẽ
Reciprocal
Indicative			oîoîuká	oroîoîuká	îaîoîuká	peîoîuká
Permissive			toîoîuká	toroîoîuká	tîaîoîuká	ta peîoîuká
Imperative						peîoîuká
Negative indicative			noîoîukáî	noroîoîukáî	nîaîoîukáî	na peîoîukáî
Negative permissive			toîoîuká umẽ	toroîoîuká umẽ	tîaîoîuká umẽ	ta peîoîuká umẽ
Negative imperative						peîoîuká umẽ
Causative
Indicative	amoîuká	eremoîuká	omoîuká	oromoîuká	îamoîuká	pemoîuká
Permissive	tamoîuká	teremoîuká	tomoîuká	toromoîuká	tîamoîuká	ta pemoîuká
Imperative		emoîuká				pemoîuká
Negative indicative	namoîukáî	neremoîukáî	nomoîukáî	noromoîukáî	nîamoîukáî	na pemoîukáî
Negative permissive	tamoîuká umẽ	teremoîuká umẽ	tomoîuká umẽ	toromoîuká umẽ	tîamoîuká umẽ	ta pemoîuká umẽ
Negative imperative		emoîuká umẽ				pemoîuká umẽ
Causative-comitative
Indicative	aroîuká	ereroîuká	ogûeroîuká	orogûeroîuká	îaroîuká	peroîuká
Permissive	taroîuká	tereroîuká	togûeroîuká	torogûeroîuká	tîaroîuká	ta peroîuká
Imperative		emoîuká				peroîuká
Negative indicative	naroîukáî	nereroîukáî	nogûeroîukáî	norogûeroîukáî	nîaroîukáî	na peroîukáî
Negative permissive	taroîuká umẽ	tereroîuká umẽ	togûeroîuká umẽ	torogûeroîuká umẽ	tîaroîuká umẽ	ta peroîuká umẽ
Negative imperative		emoîuká umẽ				peroîuká umẽ
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative	îuká
Negative	îukae'yma
Gerund
Affirmative	îukábo
Negative	îukabe'yma
Causative-comitative
Affirmative	xe reroîuká	nde reroîuká	seroîuká	oré reroîuká	îandé reroîuká	pe reroîuká
Negative	na xe reroîukáî	na nde reroîukáî	na seroîukáî	noré reroîukáî	nîandé reroîukáî	na pe reroîukáî
Circumstantial
Affirmative	xe îukáû		i îukáû	oré îukáû	îandé îukáû
Negative	xe îukae'ymi		i îukae'ymi	oré îukae'ymi	îandé îukae'ymi

Tupi Verbs2[edit]

1st class regular intransitive[edit]

Old Tupi 1st class regular intransitive verb conjugation
		Singular
		1st person (ixé)	2nd person (endé)	3rd person (a'e)	1st person exclusive (oré)	1st person inclusive (îandé)	2nd person (peẽ)
Indicative	Affirmative	akaru	erekaru	okaru	orokaru	îakaru	pekaru
Indicative	Negative	nakaruî	nerekaruî	nokaruî	norokaruî	nîakaruî	ne pekaruî
Imperative			ekaru				pekaru
Permissive		takaru	terekaru	tokaru	torokaru	tîakaru	ta pekaru
Gerund
Circunstancial
Infinitive		karu

1st class regular transitive[edit]

Old Tupi 1st class regular transitive verb conjugation
	Singular
	1st person (ixé)	2nd person (endé)	3rd person (a'e)	1st person exclusive (oré)	1st person inclusive (îandé)	2nd person (peẽ)
Indicative	aîmoka'ẽ	ereîmoka'ẽ	oîmoka'ẽ	oroîmoka'ẽ	îaîmoka'ẽ	peîmoka'ẽ
Negative indicative	naîmoka'ẽî	nereîmoka'ẽî	noîmoka'ẽî	noroîmoka'ẽî	nîaîmoka'ẽî	ne peîmoka'ẽî
Imperative		eîmoka'ẽ				peîmoka'ẽ
Permissive	taîmoka'ẽ	tereîmoka'ẽ	toîmoka'ẽ	toroîmoka'ẽ	tîaîmoka'ẽ	ta peîmoka'ẽ
Infinitive	moka'ẽ

1st class irregular[edit]

Old Tupi 1st class irregular verb conjugation
	Singular
	1st person (ixé)	2nd person (endé)	3rd person (a'e)	1st person exclusive (oré)	1st person inclusive (îandé)	2nd person (peẽ)
Indicative	aîur	ereîur	our	oroîur	îaîur	peîur
Negative indicative	naîuri	nereîuri	nouri	noroîuri	nîaîuri	ne peîuri
Imperative		eîori				peîori
Permissive	taîur	tereîur	tour	toroîur	tîaîur	ta peîur
Infinitive	ura

1st class pluriform[edit]

Old Tupi 1st class pluriform verb conjugation
	Singular
	1st person (ixé)	2nd person (endé)	3rd person (a'e)	1st person exclusive (oré)	1st person inclusive (îandé)	2nd person (peẽ)
Indicative	asaûsub	eresaûsub	osaûsub	orosaûsub	îasaûsub	pesaûsub
Negative indicative	nasaûsubi	neresaûsubi	nosaûsubi	norosaûsubi	nîasaûsubi	ne pesaûsubi
Imperative		esaûsub				pesaûsub
Permissive	tasaûsub	teresaûsub	tosaûsub	torosaûsub	tîasaûsub	ta pesaûsub
Infinitive	aûsuba

2nd class verb[edit]

Old Tupi 2nd class verb conjugation
	Singular
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person exclusive	1st person inclusive	2nd person
Indicative	xe ma'enduar	nde ma'enduar	i ma'enduar	oré ma'enduar	îandé ma'enduar	pe ma'enduar
Negative indicative	na xe ma'enduari	na de ma'enduari	ni ma'enduari	noré ma'enduari	nîandé ma'enduari	na pe ma'enduari
Imperative		nde ma'enduar				pe ma'enduar
Permissive	ta xe ma'enduar	ta nde ma'enduar	ti ma'enduar	toré ma'enduar	tîandé ma'enduar	ta pe ma'enduar
Infinitive	ma'enduara

Old Tupi Correlatives[edit]

Type	Demonstrative						Interrogative
	Visible			Nonvisible
	Proximal	Medial	Distal	Proximal	Medial	Distal
Basic	ang, kó	ebokûeî, ûĩ	kûeî	ang	aîpó	a'e, aîpó, akó, akûeî	abápe, marãpe, mba'epe
Quantity							mbobype
Manner						a'e îá	marãpe
Reason							marãnamope, marãpe, mba'e resépe
Place	iké, ké	ûĩme			aîpope	a'epe, akoamõ, akûeîpe	mamõpe, umãpe, umãmepe
Source	iké suí						abá suípe, mba'e suípe, mamõ suípe
Destination						a'epe	abá supépe, mamõpe
Time						akoraka'e
Possession							abá mba'epe

Old Tupi Postpositions[edit]

Direction	supé
Place	pe, pupé
Destination	pe
Origin	suí
Cause	resé, ri, suí
Instrumental	pupé
Time	(r)iré

4[edit]

[glot-1] USP's FFLCH uses a simple apostrophe (') in all its Old Tupi texts. The same is true to all of Navarro's works, including his dictionary and his course. Other languages that have the glottal stop, namely Guaraní, prefer to use the modifier letter apostrophe (ʼ) instead.

[2] Some schoolars disagree this sound existed in Tupi, saying it came from a misundertanding of the Europeans at the time and that w was used in all cases.

[alophnasal-3] At the beginning of a silabe, when no nasal phoneme is present on the same word.

[4] Carvalho (1987) uses ç.

[nasalvowel-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 ^5.5 When preceding M, N or next to a nasal vowel.

[n 1]

[n 2]

[n 3]

[n 4]

[n 5]

User:Trooper57/Sandbox

Contents

1[edit]

aan[edit]

yvytu[edit]

Introduction[edit]

Languages related (or not) to Old Tupi[edit]

Basics[edit]

Entry name[edit]

Pluriform lemma[edit]

Tupi Colors[edit]

Tupi Pronouns[edit]

Tupi Verbs[edit]

Solar Sistem - (neologism) kûarasyekó/kûarasytyba[edit]

Resto[edit]

2[edit]

Letters[edit]

Appendix: Old Tupi pronunciation[edit]

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

3[edit]

Tupi Verbs[edit]

definitivo talvez[edit]

Tupi Verbs2[edit]

1st class regular intransitive[edit]

1st class regular transitive[edit]

1st class irregular[edit]

1st class pluriform[edit]

2nd class verb[edit]

Old Tupi Correlatives[edit]

Old Tupi Postpositions[edit]

4[edit]

Navigation menu

User:Trooper57/Sandbox

1[edit]

aan[edit]

yvytu[edit]

Introduction[edit]

Languages related (or not) to Old Tupi[edit]

Basics[edit]

Entry name[edit]

Pluriform lemma[edit]

Tupi Colors[edit]

Tupi Pronouns[edit]

Tupi Verbs[edit]

Solar Sistem - (neologism) kûarasyekó/kûarasytyba[edit]

Resto[edit]

2[edit]

Letters[edit]

Appendix: Old Tupi pronunciation[edit]

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

3[edit]

Tupi Verbs[edit]

definitivo talvez[edit]

Tupi Verbs2[edit]

1st class regular intransitive[edit]

1st class regular transitive[edit]

1st class irregular[edit]

1st class pluriform[edit]

2nd class verb[edit]

Old Tupi Correlatives[edit]

Old Tupi Postpositions[edit]

4[edit]

Navigation menu

Search