bok

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See also: Bok, bök, bók, and bøk

English[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Afrikaans bok. Doublet of buck.

Adjective[edit]

bok

  1. (South Africa, slang) keen or willing.
    "Do you want to go to the movies?" "Ja, I'm bok."

Etymology 2[edit]

Imitative

This entry needs a sound clip exemplifying the definition.

Interjection[edit]

bok

  1. The clucking sound of a chicken.
    • 2000, William S Pollack, Todd Shuster, Real boys' voices:
      And he says, "Chicken! Bok bok bok bok!" One time I got up and put the controller down and we started fighting.
    • 2004, Andrew Bennett, Nicholas Royle, An introduction to literature, criticism and theory:
      So the librarian gives the chicken a book. The chicken goes away, but comes back the next day, goes up to the librarian's desk and says: 'Bok, bok!'

See also[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Afrikaans[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Dutch bok (“buck, male goat”), from Middle Dutch boc, from Old Dutch buc, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bok (plural bokke, diminutive bokkie)

  1. goat
  2. antelope, buck
    Synonym: wildsbok
  3. (slang) lover (term of affection)
    Synonym: bokkie
  4. (gymnastics) vaulting horse
  5. blunder

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • → Xhosa: ibhokhwe

Adjective[edit]

bok (attributive bokke, comparative bokker, superlative bokste)

  1. keen, willing

Cebuano[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Philippine English bok, from bunk, shortened from bunkmate.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Hyphenation: bok

Noun[edit]

bok

  1. one's batchmate or classmate in the Philippine Military Academy

Choctaw[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Attested as bayuk in the 17th century.

Noun[edit]

bōk (alienable)

  1. creek, stream
  2. river

Declension[edit]

possessive (alienable) singular paucal plural
first-person ("my, our") a̱bōk pi̱bōk hapi̱bōk
second-person ("thy, your") chi̱bōk hachi̱bōk
third-person ("his, her,
its, their") 		i̱bōk
absolute nominative accusative oblique
neutral bōk bōkat bōka̱ bōkak
contrastive bōkakō bōkakōsh bōkako̱ bōkakakō
bōkato bōkano
focus bōkō bōkakō
bōkōsh bōko̱
-ma
"that, there" 		-pa
"this, here" 		-kia
"also, too" 		-ba
"only" 		-ōk
"but" 		-akhī
pejorative
bōkma bōkpa bōk(ak)kia bōkba bōkōk bōkakhī

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Czech[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Czech bok, from Proto-Slavic *bokъ.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bok m inan

  1. side
  2. flank
  3. (anatomy) hip

Declension[edit]

Declension of bok (velar masculine inanimate)
singular plural
nominative bok boky
genitive boku boků
dative boku bokům
accusative bok boky
vocative boku boky
locative boku bocích
instrumental bokem boky

Related terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • bok in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • bok in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • bok in Internetová jazyková příručka

Dutch[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Dutch boc, from Old Dutch buc, from Proto-West Germanic *bukk, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz.

Noun[edit]

bok m (plural bokken, diminutive bokje n)

  1. male goat, billy
    Synonym: geitenbok
  2. buck, horse or pony; strong contraption on legs, resembling a mount
    1. (gymnastics) vaulting horse
    2. sawbuck
      Synonym: zaagbok
    3. a crane on legs
  3. box, perch (driver's seat on a carriage)
  4. (printing) job case, type case
  5. (derogatory) churl, grouch
  6. (derogatory) oaf, bumpkin
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb[edit]

bok

  1. inflection of bokken:
    1. first-person singular present indicative
    2. imperative

Etymology 3[edit]

Proposed etymologies include Lokono bo-kia (“emphatic 'you'”), Lokono Lokono (“people, Arawak”), Portuguese botoque (“lip plate”), Portuguese bugre (“derogatory term for an Amerindian”). Compare English buck (“a black or Native American man”).

Noun[edit]

bok m (plural bokken, diminutive bokje n, feminine bokkin)

  1. (Suriname, obsolete) Amerindian person
    • 1907, F.P. Penard, A.P. Penard, De menschetende aanbidders der zonneslang [The man-eating worshippers of the sun snake]‎[2], Paramaribo: H.B. Heyde, pages 49-50:
      Dat echter een afgerichte negerslaaf beter te gebruiken was dan 50 Bokken klinkt wel wat ongelooflijk, in aanmerking genomen, dat thans nog algemeen onder de negers het verhaal de ronde doet, dat de weggeloopen slaven veel banger waren voor de Indianen dan voor de blanken of negersoldaten. Inderdaad in Demerara waren het de Bokken, die daar de vorming van onafhankelijk negerstaten belet hebben.
      However, that a trained Negro slave was more useful than fifty Amerindians sounds somewhat incredible, considering that even now the story is widely told among Negroes that runaway slaves were much more afraid of Indians than whites or Negro soldiers. Indeed, in Demerara, it were the Amerindians who prevented the formation of independent Negro nations.
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: boko
  • → Guyanese Creole English: buck
  • → Trinidadian Creole English: buck

Etymology 4[edit]

Borrowed from Caribbean Javanese mbok.

Noun[edit]

bok f (uncountable)

  1. (Suriname, dated) Form of address for a Javanese woman

Lower Sorbian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *bokъ. Cognate with Upper Sorbian bok, Polish bok, Czech bok, Russian бок (bok), and Serbo-Croatian bȍk.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bok m inan

  1. side (bounding straight edge of an object; flat surface of an object; left or right half; surface of a sheet of paper)
  2. page (one side of a leaf of a book)
  3. (chiefly in the dual) breast (organs on the front of a woman’s chest, which contain the mammary glands)
    Synonym: prědk

Declension[edit]

Declension of bok
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative bok boka boki
Genitive boka bokowu bokow
Dative bokoju bokoma bokam
Accusative bok boka boki
Instrumental bokom bokoma bokami
Locative boku bokoma bokach
  • Alternative locative singular: boce

Further reading[edit]

  • Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “bok”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
  • Starosta, Manfred (1999) “bok”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Maranao[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From buhok, compare Tagalog buhok.

Noun[edit]

bok

  1. head hair

Marshallese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bok

  1. blister
  2. chicken pox

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bok

  1. bladder

Etymology 3[edit]

From English book.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bok (construct form bokin)

  1. book

Etymology 4[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bok

  1. sand
  2. sandspit
  3. sandbar

References[edit]

Masurian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ˈbɔk]
  • Syllabification: bok

Etymology 1[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish bok.

Noun[edit]

bok m inan

  1. (anatomy) side, flank (neither the front nor the back; lateral part of a person or animal)
  2. side, flank (neither the front nor the back of an object)

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from German Bock.

Noun[edit]

bok m animal

  1. buck, ram (uncastrated male sheep)

Further reading[edit]

  • Zofia Stamirowska (1987-2021) “I. bok, II. bok”, in Anna Basara, editor, Słownik gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur‎[3], volume 1, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, →ISBN, pages 202-203

Middle English[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old English bōc, in turn from Proto-West Germanic *bōk, from Proto-Germanic *bōks.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bok (plural bokes)

  1. book (written document composed of pages)

Related terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Middle Low German[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Saxon bōk, from Proto-West Germanic *bōk, from Proto-Germanic *bōks.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bôk n

  1. book
  2. beechnut

Descendants[edit]

  • Low German:
    Dutch Low Saxon: book
    German Low German: Book
  • Plautdietsch: Buak

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no

Alternative forms[edit]

  • bog (non-standard since 1907)

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse bók (“beech, book”), from Proto-Germanic *bōks (“letter”), either from *bōkō (“beech”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos (“beech”), or from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide, distribute, allot”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bok f or m (definite singular boka or boken, indefinite plural bøker, definite plural bøkene)

  1. a book

Usage notes[edit]

  • One of the nouns whose feminine form is predominant in formal writing.

Derived terms[edit]

Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no

Noun[edit]

bok f or m (definite singular boka or boken, indefinite plural boker, definite plural bokene)

  1. a beech (tree).

Alternative forms[edit]

References[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nn

Alternative forms[edit]

Dialects

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse bók, from Proto-Germanic *bōks. Akin to English book.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bok f (definite singular boka, indefinite plural bøker, definite plural bøkene)

  1. a book

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

Old Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bokъ. First attested in the 13th century.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /bɔk/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /bɔk/

Noun[edit]

bok m inan (related adjective bokowy)

  1. (anatomy) side, flank (neither the front nor the back; lateral part of a person or animal)
    • 1937 [13th century], Józef Birkenmajer, editor, Bogarodzica dziewica. Analiza tekstu, treści i formy‎[4], page CDEF:
      Czyebye dla, czlowyecze, dal bog przeklocz szobye bok, racze, nodze obye
      [Ciebie dla, człowiecze, dał Bog przekłóć sobie bok, ręce, nodze obie]
    • c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 73v:
      Latus […] a lateo lates eyn seyt bok
      [Latus […] a lateo lates eyn seyt bok]
  2. side, flank (neither the front nor the back of an object)
    • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Latin-Polish-German Florian Psalter]‎[5], Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 47, 2:
      Zacladana iest weselim wszelika zema gora Syon: boky polnoczi, masto crola welikego (fundatur exultatione universae terrae mons Sion: latera aquilonis, civitas regis magni)
      [Zakładana jest wiesielim wszelikiej ziemie gora Syjon, boki północy, miasto króla wielikiego (fundatur exultatione universae terrae mons Sion: latera aquilonis, civitas regis magni)]

Derived terms[edit]

verbs

Descendants[edit]

  • Masurian: bok (“side”)
  • Polish: bok
  • Silesian: bok

References[edit]

Old Saxon[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *bōk, from Proto-Germanic *bōks, whence also Old English bōc, Old Frisian bōk, Old High German buoh, Old Norse bók.

Noun[edit]

bōk f or n

  1. book

Declension[edit]

Declension of bōk (feminine i-stem)
singular plural
nominative bōk bōki
accusative bōk bōki
genitive bōki bōkiō
dative bōki bōkium
instrumental — —


Declension of bōk (neuter a-stem)
singular plural
nominative bōk bōk
accusative bōk bōk
genitive bōkes bōkō
dative bōke bōkun
instrumental — —


Descendants[edit]

  • Middle Low German: bôk, buk
    • Low German:
      Dutch Low Saxon: book
      German Low German: Book
    • Plautdietsch: Buak

Old Swedish[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse bók, from Proto-Germanic *bōks.

Noun[edit]

bōk f

  1. book

Declension[edit]

Declension of bōk (consonant stem)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative bōk bōkin bø̄ker bø̄krina(r), -rena(r)
accusative bōk bōkina, -ena bø̄ker bø̄krina(r), -rena(r)
dative bōk bōkinni, -inne bōkum, -om bōkumin, -omen
genitive bōka(r) inna(r) bōka bōkanna

Descendants[edit]

Polish[edit]

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish bok.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bok m inan (related adjective boczny)

  1. (anatomy) side, flank (neither the front nor the back; lateral part of a person, animal)
    1. (Middle Polish) physical or emotional closeness to someone
  2. side, flank (neither the front nor the back; lateral part of an object)
    Synonym: strona
  3. side (place in space located to the right or left of some central reference point)
  4. (geometry) side (segment connecting two vertices of a polygon)
  5. side (place out of the way)
    Synonyms: strona, ustronie
  6. (obsolete, mining) shaft wall
  7. (Middle Polish, collective, metonomically) man; human community; group
  8. (Middle Polish) side; Further details are uncertain.

Declension[edit]

Declension of bok
singular plural
nominative bok boki
genitive boku boków
dative bokowi bokom
accusative bok boki
instrumental bokiem bokami
locative boku bokach
vocative boku boki

Derived terms[edit]

adverbs
interjections
nouns
prepositions
verbs
verbs

Derived terms[edit]

adjectives
adverbs
nouns
verbs

Trivia[edit]

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), bok is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 25 times in scientific texts, 3 times in news, 2 times in essays, 20 times in fiction, and 8 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 58 times, making it the 1105th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “bok”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 30

Further reading[edit]

  • bok in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • bok in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “bok”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • Wiesław Morawski (23.10.2012) “BOK”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “bok”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎[7]
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “bok”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861‎[8]
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “bok”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎[9] (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 186
  • bok in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bokъ.

Noun[edit]

bȍk m (Cyrillic spelling бо̏к)

  1. side
    bok uz bok ― side by side
  2. flank
Declension[edit]
Declension of bok
singular plural
nominative bok bokovi
genitive boka bokova
dative boku bokovima
accusative bok bokove
vocative boku bokovi
locative boku bokovima
instrumental bokom bokovima

Etymology 2[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bogъ. Other fringe theories exist but are largely unsupported.

Alternative forms[edit]

Interjection[edit]

bok (Cyrillic spelling бок)

  1. (Croatia) hi
    Synonyms: zdravo, pozdrav, ćao
  2. (Croatia) bye
    Synonyms: zbogom, zdravo, pozdrav, ćao

Silesian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish bok.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈbɔk/
  • Rhymes: -ɔk
  • Syllabification: bok

Noun[edit]

bok m inan (related adjective boczny)

  1. side, flank (neither the front nor the back; lateral part of a person, animal, or object)
    1. side curtain by a window
    2. wayside, roadside

Declension[edit]

Declension of bok
singular plural
nominative bok boki
genitive boku bokōw
dative bokowi bokōm
accusative bok boki
instrumental bokym bokami/bokōma
locative boku bokach
vocative boku boki

Further reading[edit]

  • bok in dykcjonorz.eu
  • bok in silling.org
  • Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022) “bok”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 65
  • Aleksandra Wencel (2023) “bok”, in Dykcjůnôrz ślų̊sko-polski‎[10], page 70

Swedish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Swedish bōk, from Old Norse bók, from Proto-Germanic *bōks, of uncertain origin but usually connected to Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵ- (“beech”) or Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (“to allot”).

Noun[edit]

bok c

  1. book:
    1. collection of sheets of paper
    2. a work of literature
    3. a major division of a published work
Declension[edit]
Declension of bok 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative bok boken böcker böckerna
Genitive boks bokens böckers böckernas
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old Swedish bōk, from Old Norse bók, from Proto-Germanic *bōkō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos.

Noun[edit]

bok c

  1. beech (Fagus)
Declension[edit]
Declension of bok 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative bok boken bokar bokarna
Genitive boks bokens bokars bokarnas
Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

Turkish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Ottoman Turkish بوق (bòq, “excrement, dung, turd, shit”), from Proto-Turkic *bok (“dirt, dung”).
Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰉𐰸 (bok), Kazakh боқ (boq), Azerbaijani pox, Kyrgyz бок (bok), etc.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bok (definite accusative boku, plural boklar)

  1. (vulgar) shit (solid excretory product evacuated from the bowel)

Declension[edit]

Inflection
Nominative bok
Definite accusative boku
Singular Plural
Nominative bok boklar
Definite accusative boku bokları
Dative boka boklara
Locative bokta boklarda
Ablative boktan boklardan
Genitive bokun bokların
Possessive forms
Nominative
Singular Plural
1st singular bokum boklarım
2nd singular bokun bokların
3rd singular boku bokları
1st plural bokumuz boklarımız
2nd plural bokunuz boklarınız
3rd plural bokları bokları
Definite accusative
Singular Plural
1st singular bokumu boklarımı
2nd singular bokunu boklarını
3rd singular bokunu boklarını
1st plural bokumuzu boklarımızı
2nd plural bokunuzu boklarınızı
3rd plural boklarını boklarını
Dative
Singular Plural
1st singular bokuma boklarıma
2nd singular bokuna boklarına
3rd singular bokuna boklarına
1st plural bokumuza boklarımıza
2nd plural bokunuza boklarınıza
3rd plural boklarına boklarına
Locative
Singular Plural
1st singular bokumda boklarımda
2nd singular bokunda boklarında
3rd singular bokunda boklarında
1st plural bokumuzda boklarımızda
2nd plural bokunuzda boklarınızda
3rd plural boklarında boklarında
Ablative
Singular Plural
1st singular bokumdan boklarımdan
2nd singular bokundan boklarından
3rd singular bokundan boklarından
1st plural bokumuzdan boklarımızdan
2nd plural bokunuzdan boklarınızdan
3rd plural boklarından boklarından
Genitive
Singular Plural
1st singular bokumun boklarımın
2nd singular bokunun boklarının
3rd singular bokunun boklarının
1st plural bokumuzun boklarımızın
2nd plural bokunuzun boklarınızın
3rd plural boklarının boklarının

Derived terms[edit]

Volapük[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bok (nominative plural boks)

  1. box

Declension[edit]

declension of bok
singular plural
nominative bok boks
genitive boka bokas
dative boke bokes
accusative boki bokis
vocative 1 o bok! o boks!
predicative 2 boku bokus
  • 1 status as a case is disputed
  • 2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived terms[edit]

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