すみ
Japanese[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 炭 |
From Old Japanese, first appearing in 762 CE.[1] Cognate with 墨 (sumi, “ink; India ink”).[2]
In turn, from Proto-Japonic *sumi. Cognate with Miyako 炭 (sïm), Okinawan 炭 (shimi), Yaeyama 炭 (sïn).
Possibly derived from the homophonous 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) 済み (sumi) of verb 済む (sumu, “to finish, to conclude”), from the way that cinders are left after a fire has finished burning.
Possibly also related to 煤 (susu, “soot”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- [from 762] charcoal
- [from early 900s] a coal or cinder from a fire
- Synonym: (literally “extinguished coal/cinder”) 消し炭 (keshizumi)
- [date uncertain] (rare) coal (fossil fuel)
Etymology 2[edit]
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 墨 |
From Old Japanese, first appearing in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE with the phonetic spelling 須彌 ⟨sumi1⟩.[6] Cognate with 炭 (sumi, “charcoal”).[2]
In turn, from Proto-Japonic *sumi. Cognate with Southern Amami-Oshima 墨 (sïmi).
Possibly derived from the homophonous 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) 済み (sumi) of verb 済む (sumu, “to finish, to conclude”), from the way that cinders are left after a fire has finished burning.
Possibly also related to 煤 (susu, “soot”), from which India ink is made.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 済み |
From the verb 済む (sumu, “to settle, to conclude, to finish”, first attested with this sense in the early 1300s), in turn from 澄む・清む (sumu, “to settle, to become clear”), from Old Japanese.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- [date uncertain] finish, completion, conclusion
Derived terms[edit]
Verb[edit]
- stem or continuative form of すむ (sumu) [godan]
Etymology 4[edit]
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 隅 角 |
From Old Japanese, first appearing in the Kojiki of 712 with the phonetic spelling 須美 ⟨sumi1⟩.[7]
Considering the different pitch accent, this appears to be unrelated to the "charcoal; ink; finish" senses.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
See also[edit]
- 隅々 (sumizumi, “all over, everywhere”, literally “corner-corner”) (compare the English expression "from corner to corner")
- 隅から隅まで (sumi kara sumi made, “from corner to corner”, adverb)
- 角 (kado, “exterior corner”)
- コーナー (kōnā)
Proper noun[edit]
- a surname
Etymology 5[edit]
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 酸味 |
From 酸 (su, the stem of adjective 酸い (sui, “sour”)) + み (-mi, “-ness”, specifically for subjective impressions).[8] The use of the 味 kanji is an example of ateji (当て字), in this case, phonosemantic matching with a possible conflation of senses.[9]
First cited to a text from 1833.[8]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Tokyo) すみ [súꜜmì] (Atamadaka – [1])[3][4][5]
- (Tokyo) すみ [sùmíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[3][4][5]
- IPA(key): [sɨᵝmʲi]
Noun[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ “炭”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- ^ “墨”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ “隅・角”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[3] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 “酸味”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[4] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ “み”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[5] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
Okinawan[edit]
Noun[edit]
すみ (sumi)
- 趣味: hobby; taste, preference
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese hiragana
- Japanese terms with rare senses
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese verb forms
- Japanese proper nouns
- Japanese surnames
- Japanese terms suffixed with み
- Japanese terms spelled with ateji
- ja:Writing
- Okinawan lemmas
- Okinawan nouns
- Okinawan hiragana