危險

See also: 危険 and 危险

Chinese

		danger; to endanger	danger(ous); rugged
trad. (危險)		危	險
simp. (危险)		危	险
anagram		險危／险危

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wēixiǎn, wéixiǎn

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟ ㄒㄧㄢˇ, ㄨㄟˊ ㄒㄧㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai⁴ him²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ngùi-hiám

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ngui² hiam³

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): gûi-hiám / hûi-hiám / ûi-hiám

  (Teochew, Peng'im): nguin⁵ hiam²

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶we-shi; ⁶ngue-shi

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wēixiǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟ ㄒㄧㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: weisiǎn
    • Wade–Giles: wei¹-hsien³
    • Yale: wēi-syǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ueishean
    • Palladius: вэйсянь (vɛjsjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; dated variant in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wéixiǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˊ ㄒㄧㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wéisiǎn
    • Wade–Giles: wei²-hsien³
    • Yale: wéi-syǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weishean
    • Palladius: вэйсянь (vɛjsjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngai⁴ him²
    • Yale: ngàih hím
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngai⁴ him²
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngei⁴ him²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐi̯²¹ hiːm³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngùi-hiám
    • Hakka Romanization System: nguiˇ hiam`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngui² hiam³
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋu̯i¹¹ hi̯am³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ngui² hiam³
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋuɪ¹¹ hiam³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gûi-hiám
    • Tâi-lô: guî-hiám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gui'hiarm
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡui²³⁻³³ hiam⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡui²⁴⁻²² hiam⁵³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡui¹³⁻²² hiam⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡui²⁴⁻²² hiam⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɡui²⁴⁻¹¹ hiam⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Penang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hûi-hiám
    • Tâi-lô: huî-hiám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hui'hiarm
    • IPA (Taipei): /hui²⁴⁻¹¹ hiam⁵³/
    • IPA (Penang): /hui²³⁻²¹ hiam⁴⁴⁵/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hui²³⁻³³ hiam⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûi-hiám
    • Tâi-lô: uî-hiám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ui'hiarm
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ui²⁴⁻²² hiam⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ui²³⁻³³ hiam⁴¹/
    • IPA (Singapore): /ui²⁴⁻²¹ hiam⁴²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ui²⁴⁻¹¹ hiam⁵³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ui¹³⁻²² hiam⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: nguin⁵ hiam²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngûiⁿ hiám
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋũĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hiam⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶we-shi; ⁶ngue-shi
    • MiniDict: we^去 shi; ngue^去 shi
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhue-xi; ³ngue-xi
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦue²² ɕi⁴⁴/, /ŋue²² ɕi⁴⁴/

Note:

• 3hhue - younger speakers;
• 3ngue - older speakers.

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• Middle Chinese: ngjwe xjemX

Rime
Character	危	險
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	支 (14)	鹽 (154)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	魚爲切	虚檢切
Baxter	ngjwe	xjemX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠiuᴇ/	/hˠiᴇmX/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋʷᵚiɛ/	/hᵚiɛmX/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiuɛ/	/xiæmX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋjwiə̆/	/hjiamX/
Li Rong	/ŋjue/	/xjɛmX/
Wang Li	/ŋǐwe/	/xĭɛmX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋwie̯/	/xi̯ɛmX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wéi	xiǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngai4	him2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ](r)[o]j  qʰr[a]mʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋrol  qʰramʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	危	險	險
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wēi	xiǎn	xiǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjwe ›	‹ xjæmX ›	‹ xjemX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ](r)[o]j/	/*qʰr[a]mʔ/	/*qʰr[a]mʔ/
English	in danger	precipitous, dangerous	precipitous, dangerous
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	危	險
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	12781	10221
Phonetic component	危	僉
Rime group	歌	談
Rime subdivision	3	1
Corresponding MC rime	危	險
Old Chinese	/*ŋrol/	/*qʰramʔ/

Adjective

危險

1. dangerous; risky; perilous

   水深危險！／水深危险！  ―  Shuǐshēn wēixiǎn!  ―  Warning: Deep water!

   在懸崖邊行走是危險的。 [MSC, trad.]
   在悬崖边行走是危险的。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zài xuányá biān xíngzǒu shì wēixiǎn de. [Pinyin]

   It is dangerous to walk near the edge of a cliff.

   這四種職業很危險，膽子小的人，根本幹不了。 [MSC, trad.]
   这四种职业很危险，胆子小的人，根本干不了。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhè sì zhǒng zhíyè hěn wēixiǎn, dǎnzǐ xiǎo de rén, gēnběn gàn bù liǎo. [Pinyin]

   These four occupations are very dangerous and not for the faint-hearted.

2. in danger; at risk

   我感覺我危險了。 [MSC, trad.]
   我感觉我危险了。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ gǎnjué wǒ wēixiǎn le. [Pinyin]

   I feel I'm in danger.

Synonyms

• (dangerous): 危急 (wēijí), 險惡／险恶 (xiǎn'è), 兇險／凶险 (xiōngxiǎn), (Cantonese) 牙煙／牙烟, (Hokkien) 險厄／险厄, (Northern Min) 僥險／侥险, (Teochew) 浪險／浪险

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “dangerous”): 安平 (ānpíng), 安然 (ānrán), 安全 (ānquán), 平安 (píng'ān)

Noun

危險

1. danger; risk; peril

   危險係數／危险系数  ―  wēixiǎn xìshù  ―  risk factor

   以免發生危險／以免发生危险  ―  yǐmiǎn fāshēng wēixiǎn  ―  in case of danger

   路上坑坑窪窪的，騎車的人一不小心就有致命危險。 [MSC, trad.]
   路上坑坑洼洼的，骑车的人一不小心就有致命危险。 [MSC, simp.]

   Lùshàng kēngkēngwāwā de, qíchē de rén yībùxiǎoxīn jiù yǒu zhìmìng wēixiǎn. [Pinyin]

   Pot holes can be lethal for the unwary cyclist.

Synonyms

• (literary) 阽危 (diànwēi)
• 危機／危机 (wēijī)

Derived terms

• 危險品／危险品 (wēixiǎnpǐn)
• 生物危險／生物危险 (shēngwù wēixiǎn)

 

See also

• 風險／风险 (fēngxiǎn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (危險):

• → Japanese: 危(き)険(けん) (kiken)
• → Korean: 위험(危險) (wiheom)
• → Vietnamese: nguy hiểm (危險)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
危	險
き Grade: 6	けん Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

Noun

危(き)險(けん) • (kiken) 

1. Kyūjitai form of 危険: danger

Korean

Hanja in this term
危	險

Noun

危險 • (wiheom) (hangeul 위험)

1. Hanja form^? of 위험 (“danger”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
危	險

Noun

危險

1. chữ Hán form of nguy hiểm (“danger”).

Adjective

危險

1. chữ Hán form of nguy hiểm (“dangerous”).