again; recover; reply to a letter again; recover; reply to a letter; to repeat; to duplicate |
enmity; feud | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (復讎) | 復 | 讎 | |
| simp. (复雠) | 复 | 雠 | |
| alternative forms | 復讐 | ||
| The modern common form is 復仇／复仇. 复雠 is nonstandard in the PRC. | |||
| Rime | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 復 | 復 | 讎 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 並 (3) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 屋 (4) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 扶富切 | 房六切 | 市流切 |
| Baxter | bjuwH | bjuwk | dzyuw |
| Reconstructions | |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/bɨuH/ | /bɨuk̚/ | /d͡ʑɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/biuH/ | /biuk̚/ | /d͡ʑiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/biəuH/ | /biuk̚/ | /d͡ʑiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/buwH/ | /buwk̚/ | /d͡ʑuw/ |
| Li Rong |
/biuH/ | /biuk̚/ | /ʑiu/ |
| Wang Li |
/bĭəuH/ | /bĭuk̚/ | /ʑĭəu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/bʱi̯ə̯uH/ | /bʱi̯uk̚/ | /ʑi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
fòu | fú | chóu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
fau6 | fuk6 | sau4 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 復 | 復 | 讎 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
fù | fù | chóu |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ bjuwH › | ‹ bjuwk › | ‹ dzyuw › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[N]-pruk-s/ | /*m-p(r)uk/ | /*[d]u/ |
| English | again | return | pay back; enemy |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 復 | 復 | 讎 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 3537 | 3550 | 1515 |
| Phonetic component |
复 | 复 | 雔 |
| Rime group |
奧 | 覺 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
復 | 伏 | 讎 |
| Old Chinese |
/*buɡs/ | /*buɡ/ | /*ɡju/ |
復讎