懈怠
Chinese[edit]
lax; negligent | idle; lazy; negligent idle; lazy; negligent; careless | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (懈怠) | 懈 | 怠 | |
simp. #(懈怠) | 懈 | 怠 |
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
懈怠
Synonyms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Japanese[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
懈 | 怠 |
かい Hyōgaiji |
たい Grade: S |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese compound 懈怠 (hɛX doiX, literally “idle + negligent”). The kan'on, so likely a later borrowing.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- (law) laches: a kind of lapse wherein an opposing party has neglected to invoke its rights within a certain period of time
- (civil law) negligence
- laziness, idleness, carelessness
Usage notes[edit]
The Japanese Wikipedia article 懈怠 (法学) describing the legal laches and negligence senses uses the ketai reading. However, dictionaries tend to list kaitai as the primary reading for the legal senses.[1][2]
Synonyms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
懈 | 怠 |
け Hyōgaiji |
たい Grade: S |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese compound 懈怠 (hɛX doiX, literally “idle + negligent”). A mixed reading, so likely a later development within Japanese. Uses the goon of ke for the first half, and the kan'on of tai for the second half.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- laziness, idleness, carelessness
- (law) laches: a kind of lapse wherein an opposing party has neglected to invoke its rights within a certain period of time
- (civil law) negligence
- (Buddhism) spiritual slothfulness: kausidya
Usage notes[edit]
The kedai reading below is more common for the Buddhist spiritual slothfulness sense.
Synonyms[edit]
Verb[edit]
懈怠する • (ketai suru) suru (stem 懈怠し (ketai shi), past 懈怠した (ketai shita))
Conjugation[edit]
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 懈怠し | けたいし | ketai shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 懈怠し | けたいし | ketai shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 懈怠する | けたいする | ketai suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 懈怠する | けたいする | ketai suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 懈怠すれ | けたいすれ | ketai sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 懈怠せよ¹ 懈怠しろ² |
けたいせよ¹ けたいしろ² |
ketai seyo¹ ketai shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 懈怠される | けたいされる | ketai sareru | |
Causative | 懈怠させる 懈怠さす |
けたいさせる けたいさす |
ketai saseru ketai sasu | |
Potential | 懈怠できる | けたいできる | ketai dekiru | |
Volitional | 懈怠しよう | けたいしよう | ketai shiyō | |
Negative | 懈怠しない | けたいしない | ketai shinai | |
Negative continuative | 懈怠せず | けたいせず | ketai sezu | |
Formal | 懈怠します | けたいします | ketai shimasu | |
Perfective | 懈怠した | けたいした | ketai shita | |
Conjunctive | 懈怠して | けたいして | ketai shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 懈怠すれば | けたいすれば | ketai sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
Synonyms[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
懈 | 怠 |
け Hyōgaiji |
だい Grade: S |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese compound 懈怠 (hɛX doiX, literally “idle + negligent”). The goon, so likely the original borrowing.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Usage notes[edit]
The ketai reading above is more common for the laziness sense.
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Hakka adjectives
- Teochew adjectives
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms spelled with 懈
- Japanese terms spelled with 怠 read as たい
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with hyōgaiji kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms written with two Han script characters
- ja:Law
- ja:Buddhism
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese suru verbs
- Japanese terms spelled with 怠 read as だい