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Chinese[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
| Rime
|
| Character
|
書
|
函
|
函
|
| Reading #
|
1/1
|
1/2
|
2/2
|
| Initial (聲)
|
書 (26)
|
匣 (33)
|
匣 (33)
|
| Final (韻)
|
魚 (22)
|
覃 (159)
|
咸 (151)
|
| Tone (調)
|
Level (Ø)
|
Level (Ø)
|
Level (Ø)
|
| Openness (開合)
|
Open
|
Open
|
Open
|
| Division (等)
|
III
|
I
|
II
|
| Fanqie
|
傷魚切
|
胡男切
|
胡讒切
|
| Baxter
|
syo
|
hom
|
heam
|
| Reconstructions
|
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
|
/ɕɨʌ/
|
/ɦʌm/
|
/ɦˠɛm/
|
Pan
Wuyun
|
/ɕiɔ/
|
/ɦəm/
|
/ɦᵚæm/
|
Shao
Rongfen
|
/ɕiɔ/
|
/ɣɒm/
|
/ɣɐm/
|
Edwin
Pulleyblank
|
/ɕɨə̆/
|
/ɦəm/
|
/ɦəɨm/
|
Li
Rong
|
/ɕiɔ/
|
/ɣᴀm/
|
/ɣɐm/
|
Wang
Li
|
/ɕĭo/
|
/ɣɒm/
|
/ɣɐm/
|
Bernard
Karlgren
|
/ɕi̯wo/
|
/ɣăm/
|
/ɣăm/
|
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
|
shū
|
hán
|
xián
|
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
|
syu1
|
ham4
|
haam4
|
書函
- slipcase; book cover
- letter; correspondence; written correspondence
Synonyms[edit]
- 信
- 信件 (xìnjiàn)
- 信函 (xìnhán)
- 信札 (xìnzhá)
- 八行 (bāháng) (literary)
- 八行書／八行书 (bāhángshū) (literary)
- 函件 (hánjiàn)
- 手書／手书 (shǒushū) (literary)
- 手簡／手简 (shǒujiǎn) (literary)
- 書／书 (shū) (literary, or in compounds)
- 書信／书信 (shūxìn) (formal)
- 書札／书札 (shūzhá) (literary)
- 書牘／书牍 (shūdú) (literary)
- 書簡／书简 (shūjiǎn) (literary)
- 筆札／笔札 (bǐzhá) (literary, figurative)
- 簡／简 (jiǎn) (literary, or in compounds)
- 鴻／鸿 (hóng) (literary, figurative)
Dialectal synonyms of
信 (“letter”)
[map]
| Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
| Classical Chinese
|
書, 函, 書札, 書函, 便紙 Korea
|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
信, 函, 書信, 信件, 信函, 信札, 函件, 書函, 書簡, 書牘, 書札
|
| Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
信
|
| Taiwan
|
信
|
| Yantai (Muping)
|
信
|
| Jinan
|
信
|
| Luoyang
|
信
|
| Wanrong
|
信
|
| Xi'an
|
信
|
| Yinchuan
|
信
|
| Lanzhou
|
信
|
| Xining
|
信
|
| Ürümqi
|
信
|
| Wuhan
|
信
|
| Chengdu
|
信
|
| Guiyang
|
信
|
| Guilin
|
信
|
| Liuzhou
|
信
|
| Xuzhou
|
信
|
| Yangzhou
|
信
|
| Nanjing
|
信
|
| Hefei
|
信
|
| Malaysia
|
信
|
| Singapore
|
信
|
| Dagudi (Maliba)
|
信
|
| Reshuitang (Longling)
|
信
|
| Mae Salong (Lancang)
|
信
|
| Mae Sai (Tengchong)
|
信
|
| Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
信
|
| Hong Kong
|
信
|
| Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)
|
信
|
| Macau
|
信
|
| Guangzhou (Panyu)
|
信
|
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)
|
信
|
| Guangzhou (Conghua)
|
信
|
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng)
|
信
|
| Foshan
|
信
|
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)
|
信
|
| Foshan (Shunde)
|
信
|
| Foshan (Sanshui)
|
信
|
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)
|
信
|
| Zhongshan (Shiqi)
|
信
|
| Zhuhai (Qianshan)
|
信
|
| Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)
|
信
|
| Zhuhai (Doumen)
|
信
|
| Jiangmen (Baisha)
|
信
|
| Jiangmen (Xinhui)
|
信
|
| Taishan
|
信
|
| Kaiping (Chikan)
|
信
|
| Enping (Niujiang)
|
信
|
| Heshan (Yayao)
|
信
|
| Dongguan
|
信
|
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)
|
信
|
| Shaoguan
|
信
|
| Yunfu
|
信
|
| Yangjiang
|
信
|
| Xinyi
|
信
|
| Lianjiang
|
信
|
| Beihai
|
信
|
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)
|
信
|
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)
|
信
|
| Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)
|
信
|
| Singapore (Guangfu)
|
信
|
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)
|
信
|
| Móng Cái
|
信
|
| Gan
|
Nanchang
|
信
|
| Lichuan
|
信
|
| Pingxiang
|
信
|
| Hakka
|
Meixian
|
信
|
| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)
|
信
|
| Dongguan (Qingxi)
|
信
|
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)
|
信
|
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)
|
信
|
| Wuhua (Shuizhai)
|
信
|
| Wuhua (Huacheng)
|
信
|
| Wuhua (Changbu)
|
信
|
| Wuhua (Mianyang)
|
信
|
| Conghua (Lütian)
|
信
|
| Luhe
|
信仔
|
| Yudu
|
信
|
| Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
信仔
|
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
信仔
|
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
信仔
|
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
信
|
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
信仔, 信
|
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
批, 信
|
| Hong Kong
|
信
|
| Huizhou
|
Jixi
|
信
|
| Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
信
|
| Xinzhou
|
信
|
| Northern Min
|
Jian'ou
|
信
|
| Songxi
|
信
|
| Jianyang
|
信
|
| Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
批
|
| Gutian
|
批
|
| Pingnan
|
批, 信
|
| Ningde
|
批
|
| Zhouning
|
批
|
| Fuding
|
信
|
| Matsu
|
批
|
| Singapore (Fuqing)
|
批
|
| Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
批, 批信
|
| Quanzhou
|
批, 批信
|
| Yongchun
|
批
|
| Zhangzhou
|
批, 批信
|
| Zhao'an
|
批
|
| Taipei
|
批
|
| New Taipei (Sanxia)
|
批
|
| Kaohsiung
|
批
|
| Yilan
|
批
|
| Changhua (Lukang)
|
批
|
| Taichung
|
批
|
| Taichung (Wuqi)
|
批
|
| Tainan
|
批, 批信
|
| Taitung
|
批
|
| Hsinchu
|
批
|
| Kinmen
|
批
|
| Penghu (Magong)
|
批
|
| Penang (Hokkien)
|
批
|
| Singapore (Hokkien)
|
批, 批信
|
| Manila (Hokkien)
|
批
|
| Longyan
|
信
|
| Datian
|
信
|
| Chaozhou
|
信, 批 international incoming letters
|
| Bangkok (Teochew)
|
信, 家批 dated
|
| Singapore (Teochew)
|
信, 批
|
| Batam (Teochew)
|
信
|
| Leizhou
|
信
|
| Wenchang
|
信 domestic, 批 international
|
| Haikou
|
信
|
| Singapore (Hainanese)
|
信, 批
|
| Puxian Min
|
Putian
|
批
|
| Xianyou
|
批
|
| Fuding (Aoyao)
|
批
|
| Central Min
|
Yong'an
|
信
|
| Shaxian
|
信
|
| Zhongshan Min
|
Shaxi (Longdu)
|
信
|
| Southern Pinghua
|
Nanning (Tingzi)
|
信
|
| Wu
|
Shanghai
|
信
|
| Shanghai (Chongming)
|
信
|
| Suzhou
|
信
|
| Danyang
|
信
|
| Ningbo
|
信
|
| Wenzhou
|
信
|
| Jinhua
|
信
|
| Xiang
|
Changsha
|
信
|
| Loudi
|
信
|
| Shuangfeng
|
信
|
