益友

Chinese

		benefit; increase	friend
simp. and trad. (益友)		益	友

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yìyǒu

  (Zhuyin): ㄧˋ ㄧㄡˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jik¹ jau⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): iak-iú / ek-iú

  (Teochew, Peng'im): iah⁴ iu²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yìyǒu
    • Zhuyin: ㄧˋ ㄧㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yìyǒu
    • Wade–Giles: i⁴-yu³
    • Yale: yì-yǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yihyeou
    • Palladius: ию (iju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jik¹ jau⁵
    • Yale: yīk yáuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jik⁷ jau⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: yig¹ yeo⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪk̚⁵ jɐu̯¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iak-iú
    • Tâi-lô: iak-iú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iak'iuo
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚⁵⁻²⁴ iu⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ek-iú
    • Tâi-lô: ik-iú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ek'iuo
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /iɪk̚³²⁻⁴ iu⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪk̚³²⁻⁴ iu⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪk̚³²⁻⁵ iu⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: iah⁴ iu²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iah iú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iaʔ²⁻⁴ iu⁵²⁻²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: 'jiek hjuwX

Rime
Character	益	友
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	清 (123)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	伊昔切	云久切
Baxter	'jiek	hjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔiᴇk̚/	/ɦɨuX/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔiɛk̚/	/ɦiuX/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiæk̚/	/ɣiəuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔiajk̚/	/ɦuwX/
Li Rong	/ʔiɛk̚/	/ɣiuX/
Wang Li	/ĭɛk̚/	/ɣĭəuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ɛk̚/	/i̯ə̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yi	yǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jik1	jau5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*q[i]k  [ɢ]ʷəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qleɡ  ɢʷɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	益	友
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yì	yǒu
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjiek ›	‹ hjuwX ›
Old Chinese	/*q[i]k/ (dialect: *-ik > *-ek)	/*[ɢ]ʷəʔ/
English	increase	friend
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	益	友
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	15081	15596
Phonetic component	益	又
Rime group	錫	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	益	有
Old Chinese	/*qleɡ/	/*ɢʷɯʔ/

Noun

益友

1. (literary) friend and mentor; helpful friend; wise companion

   • 聖賢之君，皆有益友，無偷樂之臣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     圣贤之君，皆有益友，无偷乐之臣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Annals of Master Yan, c. 3^rd century BCE

     Shèngxián zhī jūn, jiē yǒu yìyǒu, wú tōulè zhī chén. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. (～卦) A combination 四上一中三下 in the Lingqijing.

Derived terms

• 良師益友／良师益友 (liángshīyìyǒu)
• 良朋益友