瞑

瞑 U+7791, 瞑 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7791 ← 瞐 [U+7790] CJK Unified Ideographs 瞒 → [U+7792]

Translingual

Han character

瞑 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 月山月日金 (BUBAC), four-corner 6708₀, composition ⿰目冥)

1. close eyes

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 815, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23600
• Dae Jaweon: page 1228, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2508, character 2
• Unihan data for U+7791

Chinese

simp. and trad.		瞑

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (冥) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
瞑	*meːn, *meːns, *meːŋ
嫇	*mreːŋ, *meːŋ, *meːŋʔ
慏	*meŋʔ
冥	*meːŋ
榠	*meːŋ
鄍	*meːŋ
溟	*meːŋ, *meːŋʔ
螟	*meːŋ
猽	*meːŋ
蓂	*meːŋ, *meːɡ
覭	*meːŋ, *meːɡ
暝	*meːŋ, *meːŋs
幎	*meːɡ
幂	*meːɡ
塓	*meːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *meːn, *meːns, *meːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 冥 (OC *meːŋ, “dark”) – to close one's eyes.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): míng, mǐng (ming², ming³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄥˊ, ㄇㄧㄥˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ming⁴, ming⁵
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bêng / mî / mêe

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: míng
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: míng
    • Wade–Giles: ming²
    • Yale: míng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ming
    • Palladius: мин (min)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mǐng
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mǐng
    • Wade–Giles: ming³
    • Yale: mǐng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miing
    • Palladius: мин (min)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ming⁴, ming⁵
    • Yale: mìhng, míhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ming⁴, ming⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: ming⁴, ming⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɪŋ²¹/, /mɪŋ¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bêng
    • Tâi-lô: bîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: beeng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /biɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɪŋ¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mî
    • Tâi-lô: mî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: mii
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /mĩ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mêe
    • Tâi-lô: mêe
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɛ̃¹³/

Note:

• bêng - literary;
• mî/mêe - vernacular.

---

• Middle Chinese: meng

Rime
Character	瞑
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	莫經切
Baxter	meng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/meŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/meŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/mɛŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mɛjŋ/
Li Rong	/meŋ/
Wang Li	/mieŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/mieŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	míng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ming4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*meːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	瞑
Reading #	3/3
No.	9204
Phonetic component	冥
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	冥
Old Chinese	/*meːŋ/

Definitions

瞑

1. to close one's eyes
2. (literary, of eyesight) dim

Compounds

• 一瞑不視／一瞑不视
• 不瞑
• 不瞑目
• 榆瞑豆重
• 死不瞑目 (sǐbùmíngmù)
• 死也瞑目
• 死亦瞑目 (sǐyìmíngmù)
• 甘心瞑目
• 瞑子裡／瞑子里
• 瞑想 (míngxiǎng)
• 瞑目 (míngmù)
• 瞑目寧心／瞑目宁心
• 瞑目而逝
• 瞑瞑
• 豆重榆瞑

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): miàn (mian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): min⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: miàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: miàn
    • Wade–Giles: mien⁴
    • Yale: myàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miann
    • Palladius: мянь (mjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: min⁶
    • Yale: mihn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: min⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: min⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miːn²²/

---

• Middle Chinese: menH

Rime
Character	瞑
Reading #	3/3
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	莫甸切
Baxter	menH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/menH/
Pan Wuyun	/menH/
Shao Rongfen	/mɛnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mɛnH/
Li Rong	/menH/
Wang Li	/mienH/
Bernard Karlgren	/mienH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	miàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	min6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*meːns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	瞑
Reading #	2/3
No.	9194
Phonetic component	冥
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	麫
Old Chinese	/*meːns/
Notes	見尚書

Definitions

瞑

1. Only used in 暝眩.

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mián (mian²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˊ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mián
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mián
    • Wade–Giles: mien²
    • Yale: myán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mian
    • Palladius: мянь (mjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯ɛn³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: men

Rime
Character	瞑
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	莫賢切
Baxter	men
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/men/
Pan Wuyun	/men/
Shao Rongfen	/mɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mɛn/
Li Rong	/men/
Wang Li	/mien/
Bernard Karlgren	/mien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	min4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*meːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	瞑
Reading #	1/3
No.	9193
Phonetic component	冥
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	眠
Old Chinese	/*meːn/

Definitions

瞑

1. Alternative form of 眠 (“to sleep; to nap”)

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02796
• “瞑”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

瞑

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. to close one's eyes; to pass away

   Synonym: 眠

2. dim; dark
3. blind person

Readings

From Middle Chinese 瞑 (MC meng); compare Mandarin 瞑 (míng):

• Go-on: みょう (myō)^{←みやう (myau, historical)}
• Kan-on: めい (mei)^{←めい (mei, historical)}

From Middle Chinese 瞑 (MC menH); compare Mandarin 瞑 (miàn):

• Go-on: めん (men)^{←めん (men, historical)}
• Kan-on: べん (ben)^{←べん (ben, historical)}

Unknown: (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this pronunciation?)

• On (unclassified): みん (min)

From native Japanese roots:

• Kun: くらい (kurai, 瞑い); つぶる (tsuburu, 瞑る); つむる (tsumuru, 瞑る); ねむる (nemuru, 瞑る)

Compounds

• 瞑(めい)眩(げん) (meigen)
• 瞑(めい)坐(ざ) (meiza)
• 瞑(めい)士(し) (meishi)
• 瞑(めい)想(そう) (meisō) (冥(めい)想(そう))
• 瞑(めい)捜(そう) (meisō) (冥(めい)捜(そう))
• 瞑(めい)氛(ふん) (meifun)
• 瞑(めい)瞑(めい) (meimei)
• 瞑(めい)目(もく) (meimoku)
• 瞑(めん)眩(けん) (menken)
• 瞑(めん)眩(げん) (mengen)
• 眩(げん)瞑(めい) (genmei)

 

Korean

Hanja

瞑 • (myeong, myeon) (hangeul 명, 면, revised myeong, myeon, McCune–Reischauer myŏng, myŏn, Yale myeng, myen)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

瞑: Hán Nôm readings: manh

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.