硯

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See also: 砚 and 石見
硯 U+786F, 硯
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-786F
← 确
[U+786E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 硰 →
[U+7870]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

硯 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一口月山山 (MRBUU), four-corner 16610, composition ⿰石見)

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 831, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24233
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1247, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2433, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+786F

Chinese[edit]

trad. 硯
simp. 砚
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Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 硯
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (見) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
涀 *ɡeːlʔ, *kʰeːns, *ɡeːns
莧 *ɡreːns
粯 *ɡreːns
晛 *ŋl'eːns, *ɡeːnʔ
筧 *keːnʔ
絸 *keːnʔ
垷 *keːnʔ, *ɡeːnʔ
挸 *keːnʔ
見 *keːns, *ɡeːns
俔 *kʰeːns, *ɡeːnʔ
蜆 *kʰeːns, *qʰeːnʔ, *ɡeːnʔ
硯 *ŋɡeːn, *ŋɡeːns
峴 *ɡeːnʔ
哯 *ɡeːnʔ
睍 *ɡeːnʔ
現 *ɡeːns

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • hīⁿ - vernacular;
  • giān/hiān - literary.
Note:
  • in7 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai;
  • ngi7 - Jieyang, Chaoyang.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 硯
Mandarin Beijing /ian⁵¹/
Harbin /ian⁵³/
Tianjin /ian⁵³/
Jinan /iã²¹/
Qingdao /iã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ian³¹²/
Xi'an /iã⁴⁴/
Xining /iã²¹³/
Yinchuan /ian¹³/
Lanzhou /iɛ̃n¹³/
Ürümqi /ian²¹³/
Wuhan /niɛn³⁵/
Chengdu /ȵian¹³/
Guiyang /nian²¹³/
Kunming /iɛ̃²¹²/
Nanjing /ien⁴⁴/
Hefei /iĩ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /ie⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ȵie̞³⁵/
Hohhot /ie⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ȵi²³/
Suzhou /ȵiɪ³¹/
Hangzhou /ʔiẽ̞⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /ȵi²²/
Hui Shexian /ne²²/
Tunxi /ȵiɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ȵiẽ⁵⁵/
/ȵiẽ¹¹/
Xiangtan /ȵiẽ²¹/
Gan Nanchang /ȵiɛn²¹/
Hakka Meixian /ian⁵³/
Taoyuan /ʒen⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jin²²/
Nanning /jin²²/
Hong Kong /jin²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /gian²²/
/hĩ²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋiɛŋ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ŋiŋ⁴⁴/
/miŋ⁴⁴/ 俗
Shantou (Teochew) /ĩ³¹/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ŋi²³/
Rime
Character 硯
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 先 (85)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 吾甸切
Baxter ngenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋenH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋenH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋɛnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋɛnH/
Li
Rong 		/ŋenH/
Wang
Li 		/ŋienH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ŋienH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jin6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 硯
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ngenH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.[ŋ]ˁe[r]-s/ (< uvular)
English smooth stone; inkstone

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 硯 硯
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 6196 6197
Phonetic
component 		見 見
Rime
group 		元 元
Rime
subdivision 		2 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		姸 硯
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋɡeːn/ /*ŋɡeːns/

Definitions[edit]

硯

  1. inkstone

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 硯臺 (“inkstone; ink slab”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 硯
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 硯臺
Mandarin Beijing 硯臺
Taiwan 硯臺
Tianjin 硯臺
Chengde 硯臺
Tangshan 硯臺
Cangzhou 硯臺
Baoding 硯臺
Shijiazhuang 硯臺
Chifeng 硯臺
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 硯臺
Heihe 硯臺, 墨盤兒
Qiqihar 硯臺
Harbin 硯臺, 墨盤, 墨盤子
Jiamusi 硯臺, 墨盤
Baicheng 硯臺, 墨盤
Changchun 墨盤
Tonghua 墨盤
Shenyang 硯臺, 墨盤子
Dandong 硯臺, 墨盤
Jinzhou 硯臺, 墨盤子, 墨盤兒
Dalian 硯臺
Yantai 硯臺
Yantai (Muping) 墨盤子, 墨石盤子
Qingdao 硯臺
Lijin 硯臺
Zhucheng 硯臺
Jinan 硯臺
Jining 硯臺, 硯汪兒
Luoyang 硯花
Wanrong 硯凹
Shangqiu 硯臺, 硯瓦
Yuanyang 硯臺, 硯花
Zhengzhou 硯臺
Lingbao 硯汪
Xinyang 硯瓦
Hanzhong 硯臺, 硯盤
Xi'an 硯臺, 硯瓦 usually coarse
Baoji 硯臺
Yinchuan 硯臺, 硯窩, 硯瓦
Tianshui 硯瓦
Lanzhou 硯臺, 硯瓦
Dunhuang 硯臺
Xining 硯臺
Hami 硯臺, 硯瓦
Ürümqi 硯臺, 硯瓦
Wuhan 硯池, 硯盤, 硯臺, 墨盤
Yichang 硯臺, 墨盤
Xiangyang 硯臺, 墨盤, 硯窩
Tianmen 硯臺, 硯盤
Hong'an 硯臺, 硯池
Chengdu 墨盤, 墨盤兒, 硯臺
Nanchong 硯臺, 墨盤
Dazhou 硯臺, 墨盤兒
Hanyuan 硯臺
Xichang 硯臺, 墨盤
Zigong 墨盤
Chongqing 墨盤兒
Guiyang 硯臺, 墨盤
Zunyi 硯臺
Bijie 硯臺
Liping 硯碗, 墨碗
Zhaotong 硯臺, 硯瓦
Dali 硯臺, 硯瓦
Kunming 硯臺, 硯瓦, 墨盤
Mengzi 硯瓦
Guilin 硯池
Liuzhou 硯, 墨盤
Jishou 硯子
Changde 硯臺
Anqing 硯臺
Xuzhou 硯臺, 墨羅子 large
Fuyang 硯臺, 硯瓦
Wuhu 硯臺
Yangzhou 硯臺
Lianyungang 硯臺, 墨海
Lianshui 硯臺
Nanjing 硯臺, 墨池 large, bowl-shaped
Hefei 硯臺
Nantong 硯臺
Yanping 硯瓦
Cantonese Guangzhou 墨硯
Hong Kong 墨硯
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 墨瓦
Macau 墨硯
Guangzhou (Panyu) 墨硯
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 墨硯
Guangzhou (Conghua) 墨硯
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 墨硯
Foshan 墨硯
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 墨面盤
Foshan (Shunde) 墨硯
Foshan (Sanshui) 墨硯
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 墨硯
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 墨硯
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 墨硯
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 墨碗
Zhuhai (Doumen) 墨硯
Jiangmen (Baisha) 墨硯
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 墨硯
Taishan 墨硯
Kaiping (Chikan) 墨硯
Enping (Niujiang) 墨硯
Heshan (Yayao) 墨硯
Dongguan 墨硯, 墨瓦
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 墨硯
Yangjiang 墨硯
Gan Nanchang 硯臺
Lichuan 面瓦
Pingxiang 墨盤
Hakka Meixian 墨硯盤, 硯盤, 墨硯
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 墨瓦
Dongguan (Qingxi) 墨盤
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 墨湖
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 墨盒
Conghua (Lütian) 墨盤
Yudu 墨盤
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 墨盤
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 墨盤
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 墨盤
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 墨盤
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 墨盤
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 墨盤
Huizhou Jixi 硯瓦
Shexian 硯瓦, 月瓦
Jin Taiyuan 硯臺, 硯瓦
Pingyao 硯瓦
Yangyuan 硯臺, 硯瓦
Datong 硯瓦
Xinzhou 硯瓦
Lishi 硯瓦
Linfen 硯窩兒
Changzhi 硯瓦
Linhe 硯瓦
Jining 硯臺, 硯瓦
Hohhot 硯臺, 硯瓦
Erenhot 硯臺, 硯瓦
Pingshan 硯瓦
Zhangjiakou 硯臺
Handan 硯臺, 硯盒
Linzhou 硯瓦
Suide 硯瓦兒
Northern Min Jian'ou 硯瓦盤
Songxi 硯瓦
Zhenghe 硯瓦盤
Wuyishan 硯瓦
Pucheng (Shibei) 硯瓦
Eastern Min Fuzhou 硯
Fuqing 硯
Southern Min Xiamen 硯, 墨盤, 墨硯
Quanzhou 硯, 墨硯
Yongchun 硯
Zhangzhou 硯, 墨盤, 墨硯
Zhao'an 墨硯
Taipei 墨盤
New Taipei (Tamsui) 墨盤
New Taipei (Sanxia) 墨盤
New Taipei (Pingxi) 墨盤
Kaohsiung 墨硯, 墨盤
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 墨盤
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 烏墨盤
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 墨盤
Kaohsiung (Tianliao) 墨盤, 墨硯
Yilan 墨盤
Yilan (Toucheng) 墨盤
Changhua (Lukang) 墨盤
Taichung 墨盤
Tainan 墨盤, 墨硯
Tainan (Anping) 墨盤
Hsinchu 墨盤
Kinmen 墨硯, 硯
Penghu (Magong) 硯
Penghu (Xiyu) 墨盤, 硯
Penang (Hokkien) 烏墨盤
Longyan 墨盤
Zhangping (Yongfu) 墨盤
Datian 硯仔, 墨海 large
Shunchang (Pushang) 硯
Chaozhou 硯, 墨硯
Shantou 硯, 墨硯
Shantou (Chenghai) 墨硯
Nan'ao (Houzhai) 墨硯
Nan'ao (Yun'ao) 墨硯
Jieyang 硯, 墨硯
Wenchang 硯
Haikou 硯
Puxian Min Putian (Donghai) 硯
Fuding (Aoyao) 墨硯
Central Min Yong'an 墨碗
Shaxian 硯瓦
Shaojiang Min Shaowu 硯瓦, 硯碗
Guangze 墨瓦
Jiangle 青煙瓦
Mingxi 墨瓦
Shunchang 墨盤
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 墨盒
Sanxiang 墨硯
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 硯瓦
Waxiang Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 硯岩, 墨岩
Wu Shanghai 硯臺
Shanghai (Chongming) 硯臺
Suzhou 硯瓦
Danyang 硯瓦臺
Hangzhou 硯瓦
Ningbo 硯瓦爿, 硯墨爿
Wenzhou 硯瓦
Jinhua 硯碗
Jinhua (Tangxi) 墨鑊
Xiang Changsha 硯池, 墨硯池
Loudi 硯池
Shuangfeng 硯池

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

硯

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. inkstone

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
硯
すずり
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 硯 – see the following entry.
【すずり】
[noun] inkstone
(This term, 硯, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

硯 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, Yale yen)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

硯: Hán Nôm readings: nghiền, nghiên, nghiễn, nghẽn, khố

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

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