禮義

Chinese

		gift; propriety; rite	justice; righteousness; meaning
trad. (禮義)		禮	義
simp. (礼义)		礼	义

Etymology

Attested in Pre-Qin texts.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lǐyì

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˇ ㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lai⁵ ji⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lé-gī

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lǐyì
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˇ ㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lǐyì
    • Wade–Giles: li³-i⁴
    • Yale: lǐ-yì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liiyih
    • Palladius: лии (lii)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: lai⁵ ji⁶
    • Yale: láih yih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lai⁵ ji⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: lei⁵ yi⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐi̯¹³ jiː²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lé-gī
    • Tâi-lô: lé-gī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lefgi
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /le⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /le⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

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• Middle Chinese: lejX ngjeH

Rime
Character	禮	義
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)	支 (13)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	盧啓切	宜寄切
Baxter	lejX	ngjeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/leiX/	/ŋˠiᴇH/
Pan Wuyun	/leiX/	/ŋᵚiɛH/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛiX/	/ŋiɛH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛjX/	/ŋjiə̆H/
Li Rong	/leiX/	/ŋjeH/
Wang Li	/lieiX/	/ŋǐeH/
Bernard Karlgren	/lieiX/	/ŋie̯H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lǐ	yì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lai5	ji6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤijʔ  ŋ(r)aj-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*riːʔ  ŋrals/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	禮	義
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lǐ	yì
Middle Chinese	‹ lejX ›	‹ ngjeH ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁijʔ/	/*ŋ(r)aj-s/
English	propriety, ceremony	duty; justice
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	禮	義
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	7839	13045
Phonetic component	豊	我
Rime group	脂	歌
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	禮	議
Old Chinese	/*riːʔ/	/*ŋrals/

Noun

禮義

1. propriety and righteousness

   • 萬鍾則不辨禮義而受之。萬鍾於我何加焉？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     万钟则不辨礼义而受之。万钟于我何加焉？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Wànzhōng zé bù biàn lǐyì ér shòu zhī. Wànzhōng yú wǒ hé jiā yān? [Pinyin]

     And yet a man will accept of ten thousand zhong, without any consideration of propriety or righteousness. What can the ten thousand zhong add to him?

   • 有上下然後禮義有所錯。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     有上下然后礼义有所错。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: I Ching, 11^th – 8^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Yǒu shàngxià ránhòu lǐyì yǒu suǒcuò. [Pinyin]

     When (the distinction of) high and low had existence, afterwards came the arrangements of propriety and righteousness.

2. ceremony; etiquette; rituals; rites; protocol; decorum

Synonyms

• (ritual):

• 儀式／仪式 (yíshì)
• 典禮／典礼 (diǎnlǐ)
• 式 (shì) (literary, or in compounds)
• 禮儀／礼仪 (lǐyí)