窒

窒 U+7A92, 窒 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A92 ← 窑 [U+7A91] CJK Unified Ideographs 窓 → [U+7A93]

Translingual

Han character

窒 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十金一戈土 (JCMIG), four-corner 3010₄, composition ⿱穴至)

Derived characters

• 㗧 潌 膣 䏄 螲

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 865, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25493
• Dae Jaweon: page 1293, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2728, character 14
• Unihan data for U+7A92

Chinese

trad.		窒
simp. #		窒

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (至) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
致	*tiɡs
輊	*tiɡs
駤	*tiɡs
跮	*tʰiɡs, *tʰiɡ
荎	*di, *diːɡ
緻	*diɡs
至	*tjiɡs
鵄	*tʰji
胵	*tʰji
痓	*tʰjiɡs
咥	*hriɡs, *tiːɡ, *diːɡ, *tʰiɡ
窒	*tiːɡ, *tiɡ
蛭	*tiːɡ, *tiɡ, *tjiɡ
垤	*diːɡ
耋	*diːɡ
姪	*diːɡ, *diɡ
絰	*diːɡ
恎	*diːɡ
挃	*tiɡ
庢	*tiɡ
銍	*tiɡ, *tjiɡ
秷	*tiɡ
螲	*tiɡ
侄	*diɡ, *tjiɡ
桎	*tjiɡ
郅	*tjiɡ
晊	*tjiɡ
室	*hliɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːɡ, *tiɡ) : semantic 穴 + phonetic 至 (OC *tjiɡs).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhì (zhi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zat⁶
• Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): jid⁵
• Eastern Min (BUC): dék
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tit / chit / that / chek

  (Teochew, Peng'im): diag⁴ / diêg⁴

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁷tseq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhì
    • Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhìh
    • Wade–Giles: chih⁴
    • Yale: jr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
    • Palladius: чжи (čži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zat⁶
    • Yale: jaht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzat⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zed⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐt̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: jid⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sit̚¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dék
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɛiʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tit
    • Tâi-lô: tit
    • Phofsit Daibuun: did
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tit̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tit̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit
    • Tâi-lô: tsit
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cid
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sit̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sit̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: that
    • Tâi-lô: that
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tad
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰat̚⁵/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰat̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chek
    • Tâi-lô: tsik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zeg
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪk̚³²/

Note:

• tit/chit/chek - literary;
• that - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: diag⁴ / diêg⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiak / tiek
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiak̚²/, /tiek̚²/

Note:

• diag4 - Shantou;
• diêg4 - Chaozhou.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁷tseq
    • MiniDict: tseh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴tseq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡səʔ⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: trit, tet

Rime
Character	窒	窒
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	眞 (49)	先 (87)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	IV
Fanqie	陟栗切	丁結切
Baxter	trit	tet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈˠiɪt̚/	/tet̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈᵚit̚/	/tet̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiet̚/	/tɛt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈjit̚/	/tɛt̚/
Li Rong	/ȶjĕt̚/	/tet̚/
Wang Li	/ȶĭĕt̚/	/tiet̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶi̯ĕt̚/	/tiet̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhi	die
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zat1	dit3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]ri[t]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tiːɡ/, /*tiɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	窒
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhì
Middle Chinese	‹ trit ›
Old Chinese	/*[t]ri[t]/
English	stop up (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	窒	窒
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	17347	17358
Phonetic component	至	至
Rime group	質	質
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	窒	窒
Old Chinese	/*tiːɡ/	/*tiɡ/

Definitions

窒

1. to stop up; to obstruct
2. (Cantonese) to mock with words
3. (Cantonese) to stutter; to stammer

   口窒窒 [Cantonese]  ―  hau² zat⁶ zat⁶ [Jyutping]  ―  stuttering; stammering

   alt. forms: 疾 (jí)

4. (Cantonese, figuratively) to stutter; to make halting movements

   畫面窒吓窒吓。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   画面窒吓窒吓。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   waa^6-2 min^6-2 zat⁶ haa⁵ zat⁶ haa⁵. [Jyutping]

   The picture is jittering.

Synonyms

• (to stutter):

Dialectal synonyms of 口吃 (“to stammer; to stutter”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		謇
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		口吃
Mandarin	Beijing	磕巴
	Taiwan	口吃, 結巴
	Harbin	磕巴
	Yantai (Muping)	結巴, 磕巴
	Jinan	結巴, 磕巴
	Wanrong	可
	Xi'an	結
	Lanzhou	結
	Ürümqi	結巴
	Wuhan	結
	Chengdu	結巴
	Guiyang	結巴
	Xuzhou	結巴
	Yangzhou	結
	Nanjing	結巴
	Singapore	口吃
Cantonese	Guangzhou	漏口
	Hong Kong	漏口
Gan	Pingxiang	結巴
Hakka	Meixian	結舌仔, 重舌仔
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	結舌
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	結舌
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	結舌
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	結舌
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	結舌
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	大舌
Jin	Taiyuan	磕巴
	Xinzhou	結咳
Northern Min	Jian'ou	結舌, 大舌
Southern Min	Xiamen	大舌口, 大舌, 重句, 重舌
	Quanzhou	大舌口, 大舌, 重句
	Zhangzhou	大舌鼓, 大舌, 重句
	Taipei	大舌
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	大舌
	Kaohsiung	大舌
	Yilan	大舌
	Changhua (Lukang)	大舌
	Taichung	大舌
	Tainan	大舌
	Hsinchu	大舌
	Kinmen	大舌口
	Penghu (Magong)	大舌, 重句
	Singapore (Hokkien)	大舌口
	Longyan	結舌
	Chaozhou	大舌
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	講突話
Wu	Shanghai	吃嘴, 楞嘴
	Shanghai (Chongming)	楞嘴, 篤嘴
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	吃嘴
	Danyang	結巴
	Ningbo	吃舌頭
	Zhoushan	吃舌頭
	Wenzhou	大舌
	Jinhua	點舌, 點舌兒, 拆舌, 拆舌兒
Xiang	Changsha	結巴
	Loudi	𪘬

Compounds

• 堙窒
• 懲忿窒欲／惩忿窒欲
• 穹窒
• 窒塞
• 窒息 (zhìxī)
• 窒扶斯 (zhìfúsī)
• 窒欲
• 窒礙／窒碍 (zhì'ài)
• 窒礙難行／窒碍难行
• 窒素 (zhìsù)
• 腸窒扶斯／肠窒扶斯

 

Japanese

Kanji

窒

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. plug up
2. obstruct

Readings

• Go-on: ちち (chichi); てち (techi)
• Kan-on: ちつ (chitsu, Jōyō); てつ (tetsu)
• Kun: ふさぐ (fusagu); ふさがる (fusagaru, 窒がる)

Korean

Hanja

窒 • (jil, jeol) (hangeul 질, 절, revised jil, jeol, McCune–Reischauer chil, chŏl, Yale cil, cel)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

窒 (trất, khỏng, rấp, rất)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.