端

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端 U+7AEF, 端
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AEF
← 竮
[U+7AEE] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 竰 →
[U+7AF0]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

端 (Kangxi radical 117, 立+9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿山一月 (YTUMB), four-corner 02127, composition ⿰立耑)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 872, character 32
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25806
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1303, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2714, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7AEF

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 端
alternative forms 耑

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 端
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (耑) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
揣 *toːlʔ, *sʰrolʔ
褍 *toːlʔ, *toːn
惴 *tjols
圌 *djol, *djon
篅 *djol, *djon
瑞 *djols
端 *toːn
剬 *toːn, *tjonʔ
偳 *toːn, *tʰoːn
鍴 *toːn
耑 *toːn
踹 *toːns, *djonʔ
湍 *tʰoːn, *tjon
煓 *tʰoːn
貒 *tʰoːn, *tʰoːns
諯 *stʰons, *tjon, *tʰjons, *djon
顓 *tjon
喘 *tʰjonʔ
遄 *djon
輲 *djon
椯 *djon
歂 *djon, *djonʔ
腨 *djonʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toːn) : semantic 立 + phonetic 耑 (OC *toːn).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • toaⁿ - vernacular;
  • toan - literary.
Note:
  • duêng1 - Chaozhou;
  • duang1 - Shantou.
Rime
Character 端
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 桓 (62)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 多官切
Baxter twan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tuɑn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʷɑn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tuɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/twan/
Li
Rong 		/tuɑn/
Wang
Li 		/tuɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tuɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		duān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dyun1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 端
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		duān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ twan ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁor/
English tip (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 端
Reading # 1/1
No. 2500
Phonetic
component 		耑
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		端
Old
Chinese 		/*toːn/

Definitions[edit]

端

  1. to hold something level with hand
  2. end; tip
  3. beginning; start
    開端／开端  ―  kāiduān  ―  beginning
  4. upright; erect
    端正  ―  duānzhèng  ―  upright; proper
  5. (of a person) decent; upright; proper
  6. to wipe out; to destroy altogether
    警方端掉販毒窩點。 [MSC, trad.]
    警方端掉贩毒窝点。 [MSC, simp.]
    Jǐngfāng duān diào fàndú wōdiǎn. [Pinyin]
    The police destroyed the lair of drug lords.
  7. (figurative, colloquial, derogatory, usually followed by 著／着) to put on airs; to act pretentiously
  8. (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 端 (MC twan)
  9. a surname: Duan

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (端):
  • → Japanese: 端(たん) (tan)
  • → Korean: 단(端) (dan)
  • → Vietnamese: đoan (端)

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

端

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
端
はし
Grade: S
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

端(はし) • (hashi) 

  1. an edge; the beginning or end of something

References[edit]

  1. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

端 (eumhun 끝 단 (kkeut dan))

  1. Hanja form? of 단 (“end”).
  2. Hanja form? of 단 (“(geography) cape”).
  3. Hanja form? of 단 (“clue”).

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

端: Hán Nôm readings: đoan

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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