維

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See also: 维
維 U+7DAD, 維
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7DAD
← 綬
[U+7DAC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 綮 →
[U+7DAE]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

維 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 女火人土 (VFOG), four-corner 20914, composition ⿰糹隹)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 927, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27568
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1364, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3415, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+7DAD

Chinese[edit]

trad. 維
simp. 维

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 維
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (唯) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
匯 *ɢʷrɯːlʔ, *kʰʷriːl
擓 *kʰʷriːl
淮 *ɡʷriːl
睢 *qʰʷel, *sqʰʷil, *qʰʷi, *qʰʷils
嶉 *sqʷi
趡 *skʰʷilʔ
踓 *skʰʷilʔ, *ɢʷilʔ
雖 *sqʰʷi
濉 *sqʰʷi
倠 *qʰʷi
婎 *qʰʷil, *qʰʷils
蓶 *ɢʷi, *ɢʷiʔ
維 *ɢʷi
惟 *ɢʷi
唯 *ɢʷi, *ɢʷiʔ
濰 *ɢʷi
琟 *ɢʷil
鷕 *ɢʷiʔ, *ɢʷiʔ
帷 *ɢʷril
鵻 *sɢʷinʔ, *tjul

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷi) : semantic 糸 (“thread”) + abbreviated phonetic 唯 (OC *ɢʷi, *ɢʷiʔ).

The original pronunciation of 隹 (OC *ɢʷi) was lost after the classical period, but can still be seen in other characters of the phonetic series:

  • 惟 (OC *ɢʷi, “to think”),
  • 唯 (OC *ɢʷi, *ɢʷiʔ, “only”),
  • 雖 (OC *sqʰʷi, “although”),
  • 帷 (OC *ɢʷril, “curtain, screen”) and
  • 淮 (OC *ɡʷriːl, “Huai River”).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • ûi - literary;
  • î/bî - vernacular.
Note: rui5 - “to think, dimension”.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 維
Mandarin Beijing /uei³⁵/
Harbin /uei⁴⁴/ ～生素
/uei²⁴/ ～持
Tianjin /vei⁴⁵/
Jinan /vei⁵⁵/
Qingdao /ve⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /uei⁵³/
Xi'an /vi²⁴/
Xining /uɨ²⁴/
Yinchuan /vei⁵³/
Lanzhou /vei⁵³/
Ürümqi /vei⁵¹/
Wuhan /uei²¹³/
Chengdu /uei³¹/
Guiyang /uei²¹/
Kunming /uei³¹/
Nanjing /uəi²⁴/
Hefei /ue⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /uei¹¹/
Pingyao /uei¹³/
Hohhot /vei³¹/
Wu Shanghai /vi²³/
Suzhou /vi¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦui²¹³/
Wenzhou /vu³¹/
Hui Shexian /ue⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ue⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /uei¹³/
Xiangtan /uəi¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ui⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /vi¹¹/
Taoyuan /vui¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /wɐi²¹/
Nanning /wɐi²¹/
Hong Kong /wɐi²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ui³⁵/
/bi³⁵/ 俗
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /mi⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /y²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /zui⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /vui³¹/
Rime
Character 維
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 脂 (16)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 以追切
Baxter ywij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jiuɪ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jʷi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/juɪ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jwi/
Li
Rong 		/ui/
Wang
Li 		/jwi/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/wi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		wéi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wai4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 維
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		wéi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ywij ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷij/ (? < *ɢʷuj)
English rope for tying

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 維
Reading # 1/1
No. 12852
Phonetic
component 		唯
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		惟
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷi/

Definitions[edit]

維

  1. † to tie; to fasten; to tie up
  2. † to link; to connect
  3. to hold together; to maintain; to preserve; to safeguard
    維持／维持  ―  wéichí  ―  to maintain
  4. † thick rope for tying objects; cord
  5. † corner; nook; recess
  6. † net; mesh; netting
  7. (geometry) dimension
  8. † order; law; outline
  9. † long and thin object; fibre; string
    纖維／纤维  ―  xiānwéi  ―  fibre
  10. † Alternative form of 惟 (wéi, “to think; to contemplate”)
  11. † Alternative form of 唯 (“only”)
  12. † (alt. form 惟, 唯) meaningless particle of interjection
  13. Short for 維生素／维生素 (wéishēngsù, “vitamin”).
  14. Short for 維吾爾／维吾尔 (Wéiwú'ěr, “Uyghur”).
  15. a surname

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Definitions[edit]

維

  1. † Only used in 盧維／卢维 (“ancient river in the Yan Province”).

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

維

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
維
い
Grade: S
kan’on

/wi/ → /i/

From Middle Chinese 維 (MC ywij).

Pronunciation[edit]

Affix[edit]

維(い) • (i) ←ゐ (wi)?

  1. hold together; keep; maintain
  2. what holds together; net, supportive

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
維
これ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 維 – see the following entry.
【これ】
[pronoun] this
[pronoun] (deictically) this one (near the speaker)
[pronoun] (anaphorically) this one I am talking about (only the speaker knows)
[pronoun] (archaic) I; me
[pronoun] (archaic) you
[pronoun] (literary, calque of Literary Chinese 是, 之, 惟, etc.) Repeats the topic with a correct case marker to avoid any misunderstanding if it is not a subject.
Alternative spellings
此れ, 是, 之, 惟
(This term, 維, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

維 (eumhun 벼리 유 (byeori yu))

  1. Hanja form? of 유 (“the guide ropes at the edge of a fishing net; fishing net”).

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

維: Hán Việt readings: duy[1][2][3][4]
維: Nôm readings: duy[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of duy (“tie, maintain”).

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Trần (2004).
  2. ^ Trần (1999).
  3. ^ Nguyễn (1974).
  4. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
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