塗

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 凃 and 涂
塗 U+5857, 塗
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5857
← 塖
[U+5856] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 塘 →
[U+5858]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

塗 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水木土 (EDG), four-corner 38104, composition ⿱涂土)

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 235, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5338
  • Dae Jaweon: page 473, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 474, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+5857

Chinese[edit]

trad. 塗
simp. 涂*
alternative forms
 
涂 “road”
斁／𭣧 “to daub”
凃
𡌘
𡍼
涂 “road”
斁／𭣧 “to daub”
凃
𡌘
𡍼
𭏚
Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (余) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
斜 *lja, *laː
茶 *rlaː
荼 *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː
梌 *rlaː, *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː
搽 *rlaː
塗 *rlaː, *l'aː
佘 *ɦlja
賒 *hljaː
畬 *hljaː, *la
舍 *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs
捨 *hljaːʔ
騇 *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs
涻 *hljaːs
稌 *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰaːʔ
悇 *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰas, *las
庩 *l̥ʰaː
捈 *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː
途 *l'aː
酴 *l'aː
駼 *l'aː
鵌 *l'aː, *la
涂 *l'aː, *l'a
嵞 *l'aː
峹 *l'aː
筡 *l'aː, *l̥ʰa
蒤 *l'aː
徐 *lja
俆 *lja
敘 *ljaʔ
漵 *ljaʔ
除 *l'a, *l'as
篨 *rla
滁 *rla
蒢 *rla
蜍 *ɦlja, *la
鵨 *hljaː
瑹 *hlja
余 *la
餘 *la
艅 *la
狳 *la
雓 *la
悆 *las

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rlaː, *l'aː) : phonetic 涂 (OC *l'aː, *l'a) + semantic 土 (“earth; dirt”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • dù - verb;
  • tù - noun.
Note:
  • thô͘ - vernacular (noun);
  • tô͘ - literary (verb).
Note: tou5 - “mud, shoal, earth, ground”.
Rime
Character 塗 塗
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 定 (7) 澄 (11)
Final (韻) 模 (23) 麻 (98)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I II
Fanqie 同都切 宅加切
Baxter du drae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/duo/ /ɖˠa/
Pan
Wuyun 		/duo/ /ɖᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen 		/do/ /ȡa/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dɔ/ /ɖaɨ/
Li
Rong 		/do/ /ȡa/
Wang
Li 		/du/ /ȡa/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/dʱuo/ /ȡʱa/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tú chá
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tou4 caa4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 塗 塗
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tú tú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ du › ‹ du ›
Old
Chinese 		/*lˁa/ /*lˁa/
English to plaster road

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 塗 塗
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 15751 15774
Phonetic
component 		余 余
Rime
group 		魚 魚
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		𡨀 徒
Old
Chinese 		/*rlaː/ /*l'aː/
Notes 今作搽

Definitions[edit]

塗

  1. mud; shoal
  2. to daub; to smear; to apply; to paint; to plaster
    塗指甲／涂指甲  ―  tú zhǐjia  ―  to paint nails
  3. to cross out; to blot out
  4. to scribble; to scrawl over
  5. Alternative form of 途 (tú, “road”)
    道聽塗說／道听涂说  ―  dàotīngtúshuō  ―  rumours (literally, “listen to what people said along the road”)
  6. (Southern Min) earth; ground
  7. (alt. form 嵞, 峹) Used in 塗山／涂山 (Túshān).
  8. a surname

Synonyms[edit]

  • (mud):
Dialectal synonyms of 泥 (“mud”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 塗, 泥
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 泥
Mandarin Beijing 泥, 泥巴, 泥巴兒
Taiwan 泥巴
Tianjin 泥
Tangshan 泥
Baoding 泥, 泥巴
Shijiazhuang 泥
Chifeng 泥, 泥巴
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 泥
Harbin 泥, 泥巴
Shenyang 泥
Yantai (Muping) 泥
Qingdao 泥
Jinan 泥巴, 泥
Luoyang 泥巴
Wanrong 泥
Zhengzhou 泥
Xi'an 泥
Lanzhou 泥, 泥巴
Xining 泥
Ürümqi 泥巴
Wuhan 泥巴
Chengdu 泥巴
Chongqing 泥巴
Guiyang 泥巴
Kunming 泥, 泥巴
Guilin 泥巴
Liuzhou 泥, 泥巴
Xuzhou 泥
Yangzhou 泥, 泥巴, 爛泥
Nanjing 泥, 泥巴
Hefei 泥巴
Nantong 泥, 爛泥
Cantonese Guangzhou 泥
Hong Kong 泥
Dongguan 泥
Yangjiang 泥
Gan Nanchang 泥巴
Lichuan 泥
Jianning 泥
Taining 泥
Hakka Meixian 泥
Pinghe (Jiufeng) 泥
Changting 泥
Shanghang 泥
Yongding 泥
Liancheng 泥
Ninghua 泥
Qingliu 泥
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 泥
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 泥
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 泥
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 泥沙
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 泥
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 泥
Huizhou Jixi 泥, 糊泥
Jin Taiyuan 泥
Xinzhou 泥
Linhe 泥
Jining 泥
Hohhot 泥
Zhangjiakou 泥
Handan 泥
Northern Min Jian'ou 泥
Songxi 泥
Zhenghe 泥
Jianyang 泥
Wuyishan 泥
Eastern Min Fuzhou 塗
Changle 塗
Lianjiang 塗
Fuqing 塗
Pingtan 塗
Yongtai 塗
Minqing 塗
Gutian 塗
Pingnan 塗
Luoyuan 塗
Fu'an 塗
Ningde 塗
Xiapu 塗
Zherong 塗
Shouning 塗
Zhouning 塗
Fuding 塗
Southern Min Xiamen 塗
Xiamen (Tong'an) 塗
Quanzhou 塗
Jinjiang 塗
Nan'an 塗
Shishi 塗
Hui'an 塗
Anxi 塗
Yongchun 塗
Dehua 塗
Zhangzhou 塗
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 塗
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 塗
Hua'an 塗
Nanjing 塗
Pinghe 塗
Zhangpu 塗
Yunxiao 塗
Zhao'an 塗
Dongshan 塗
Taipei 塗 GT
Kinmen 塗
Longyan 塗
Zhangping 塗
Datian 塗
Chaozhou 塗
Shantou 塗
Shantou (Chenghai) 塗
Jieyang 塗
Haifeng 塗
Leizhou 塗
Haikou 塗
Puxian Min Putian 塗
Xianyou 塗
Central Min Yong'an 泥
Sanyuan 泥
Shaxian 泥
Shaojiang Min Shaowu 泥
Guangze 泥
Jiangle 泥
Mingxi 泥
Shunchang 泥
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 泥
Wu Shanghai 爛泥, 爛糊泥
Suzhou 爛泥, 爛污泥
Danyang 泥, 爛泥
Hangzhou 泥巴, 爛污泥, 爛泥
Ningbo 爛污泥, 淖泥, 爛泥
Wenzhou 爛污泥, 爛污泥兒, 爛泥, 泥
Pucheng 泥
Xiang Changsha 泥巴
Loudi 泥巴
Shuangfeng 泥巴
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
  • (earth):
Dialectal synonyms of 土 (“earth; soil (dry)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 土
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 土
Mandarin Beijing 土
Harbin 土
Jinan 土, 土拉
Wuhan 泥巴
Chengdu 泥巴
Guiyang 泥巴
Guilin 土
Liuzhou 泥, 泥巴
Yangzhou 泥, 爛泥
Hefei 土
Cantonese Guangzhou 泥
Hong Kong 泥
Dongguan 泥
Yangjiang 泥
Beihai 泥
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 土
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 土
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 土, 泥
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 泥
Móng Cái 土, 泥
Gan Nanchang 泥巴, 土
Hakka Meixian 泥
Xingning 泥
Huidong (Daling) 泥
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 泥
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 泥
Changting 泥
Wuping 泥
Wuping (Pingyu) 泥
Liancheng 泥
Ruijin 泥, 那泥
Shicheng 泥
Shangyou (Shexi) 泥
Huizhou Jixi 糊泥
Jin Taiyuan 土
Xinzhou 土
Northern Min Jian'ou 泥
Songxi 泥
Zhenghe 泥
Jianyang 泥
Wuyishan 泥
Eastern Min Fuzhou 塗
Changle 塗
Lianjiang 塗
Fuqing 塗
Pingtan 塗
Yongtai 塗
Minqing 塗
Gutian 塗
Pingnan 塗
Luoyuan 塗
Fu'an 塗
Ningde 塗
Xiapu 塗
Zherong 塗
Shouning 塗
Zhouning 塗
Fuding 塗
Southern Min Xiamen 塗
Xiamen (Tong'an) 塗
Quanzhou 塗
Jinjiang 塗
Nan'an 塗
Shishi 塗
Hui'an 塗
Anxi 塗
Yongchun 塗
Dehua 塗
Zhangzhou 塗
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 塗
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 塗
Hua'an 塗
Nanjing 塗
Pinghe 塗
Zhangpu 塗
Yunxiao 塗
Zhao'an 塗
Dongshan 塗
Kinmen 塗
Manila (Hokkien) 塗
Longyan 塗
Zhangping 塗
Datian 塗
Chaozhou 塗
Shantou 塗
Shantou (Chenghai) 塗
Jieyang 塗
Leizhou 塗
Wenchang 塗
Haikou 塗
Puxian Min Putian 塗
Xianyou 塗
Central Min Yong'an 泥
Sanyuan 泥
Shaxian 泥
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 泥
Wu Shanghai 爛泥, 爛糊泥
Shanghai (Chongming) 爛泥
Suzhou 爛泥, 硬爛泥
Danyang 爛泥
Hangzhou 爛污泥
Ningbo 淖泥, 爛泥
Wenzhou 爛污泥, 爛污泥兒, 爛泥, 泥
Jinhua 糊泥, 泥
Xiang Changsha 泥巴
Xiangxiang 土
Shuangfeng 土

Usage notes[edit]

This surname (塗／涂 (tú)) is different from the surname 涂 (tú) or the surname 凃 (tú)

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • → Thai: ทา (taa, “to smear; to paint”)

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

塗

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. paint

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Noun[edit]

塗(ぬり) • (nuri) 

  1. Alternative spelling of 塗り

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

塗 (eumhun 바를 도 (bareul do))

  1. Hanja form? of 도 (“smear, daub, apply, spread”).
  2. Hanja form? of 도 (“paint”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

塗: Hán Nôm readings: đồ, đừ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=塗&oldid=78615244"