賒

See also: 赊

賒 U+8CD2, 賒 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CD2 ← 賑 [U+8CD1] CJK Unified Ideographs 賓 → [U+8CD3]

Translingual

Han character

賒 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 月金人一火 (BCOMF), four-corner 6889₁, composition ⿰貝佘)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1208, character 35
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 49736
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3642, character 17
• Unihan data for U+8CD2

Chinese

trad.		賒
simp.		赊
alternative forms		𧴳 賖 𧶟

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (余) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
斜	*lja, *laː
茶	*rlaː
荼	*rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː
梌	*rlaː, *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː
搽	*rlaː
塗	*rlaː, *l'aː
佘	*ɦlja
賒	*hljaː
畬	*hljaː, *la
舍	*hljaːʔ, *hljaːs
捨	*hljaːʔ
騇	*hljaːʔ, *hljaːs
涻	*hljaːs
稌	*l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰaːʔ
悇	*l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰas, *las
庩	*l̥ʰaː
捈	*l̥ʰaː, *l'aː
途	*l'aː
酴	*l'aː
駼	*l'aː
鵌	*l'aː, *la
涂	*l'aː, *l'a
嵞	*l'aː
峹	*l'aː
筡	*l'aː, *l̥ʰa
蒤	*l'aː
徐	*lja
俆	*lja
敘	*ljaʔ
漵	*ljaʔ
除	*l'a, *l'as
篨	*rla
滁	*rla
蒢	*rla
蜍	*ɦlja, *la
鵨	*hljaː
瑹	*hlja
余	*la
餘	*la
艅	*la
狳	*la
雓	*la
悆	*las

Originally written as 賖, which is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljaː) : semantic 貝 (“shell”) + phonetic 余 (OC *la) – to buy or sell on credit.

In the era of Middle Chinese, a vulgar form 𧶟, also a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) with phonetic component 舍 (MC syaeX|syaeH) that was more similar-sounding to the character, once appeared but never became popularized.

The current form 賒 appeared as a vulgar form at the Ming-Qing transition and is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) with phonetic component 佘 that is similar-sounding to the character.

Etymology

According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m/s-laj ~ r/s-lej ~ b-rej (“to change, exchange, buy”) (whence also 移 (OC *lal, “change, alter”) & 易 (OC *leɡ, “change, exchange”)); if so, Chinese vocalism might have been influenced by superficially similar words like 舍 (OC *hljaːʔ, “to bestow, to give”) (Schuessler, 2007).

商 (OC *hljaŋ) is its derivative with terminative suffix *-ŋ; 貰 (OC), minimally reconstructed as *lhas ~ *m-las, is another with *-s > *-h extrovert suffix (ibid.).

Thai แลก (lɛ̂ɛk)'s possible relation to 賒 (OC *hljaː) (ibid.) is through its cognate 易 (OC *leːɡs, *leɡ), wherefrom arose Thai แลก (lɛ̂ɛk), Lao ແລກ (lǣk), Shan လႅၵ်ႈ (lēk), Tai Nüa ᥘᥦᥐ (laek), & Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜀𑜫 (lik) (Pittayaporn, 2014)

Lastly, Bodman (1980)) proposes cognacy to Tibetan གྱར་བ (gyar ba, “to borrow, to lend, to hire”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shē (she¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄜ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): se¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhâ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ca¹

• Northern Min (KCR): chiá
• Eastern Min (BUC): siă
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sia

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cia¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shē
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄜ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: she
    • Wade–Giles: shê¹
    • Yale: shē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: she
    • Palladius: шэ (šɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: se¹
    • Yale: sē
    • Cantonese Pinyin: se¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sé¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhâ
    • Hakka Romanization System: ca´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ca¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰa²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ca¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰa⁴⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chiá
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰia⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: siă
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sia⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sia
    • Tâi-lô: sia
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siaf
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sia⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sia³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sia⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /sia⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sia⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: cia¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshia
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰia³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: syae

Rime
Character	賒
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	式車切
Baxter	syae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕia/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕia/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕia/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕia/
Li Rong	/ɕia/
Wang Li	/ɕĭa/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯a/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shē
Expected Cantonese Reflex	se1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥A/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hljaː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	賒
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shē
Middle Chinese	‹ syae ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥A/
English	trade on credit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	賒
Reading #	1/1
No.	15753
Phonetic component	余
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	奢
Old Chinese	/*hljaː/
Notes	說文右從餘聲

Definitions

賒

1. to buy and sell on credit

   賒賬／赊账  ―  shēzhàng  ―  to buy or sell on credit

2. ^† to forgive
3. ^† distant; far

   • 北海雖賒，扶搖可接。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     北海虽赊，扶摇可接。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 王勃 (Wang Bo), 《滕王閣序》, 675 CE

     Běihǎi suī shē, fúyáo kě jiē. [Pinyin]

     Though the Northern Ocean may be very distant, it can still be reached by tornado.

4. ^† (of time) long; long-standing
5. ^† sparse; rare
6. ^† slow

Compounds

• 賒借／赊借
• 賒帳／赊帐 (shēzhàng)
• 賒欠／赊欠 (shēqiàn)
• 賒貸／赊贷
• 賒賬／赊账 (shēzhàng)
• 賒購／赊购 (shēgòu)
• 賒銷／赊销

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (賒):

• → Vietnamese: xa (賒)

References

• “賒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03960

Japanese

Kanji

賒

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): しゃ (sha)

Vietnamese

Han character

賒: Hán Việt readings: xa
賒: Nôm readings: xa

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