宗

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See also: 完
宗 U+5B97, 宗
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B97
← 宖
[U+5B96] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 官 →
[U+5B98]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

宗 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十一一火 (JMMF), four-corner 30901, composition ⿱宀示)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 283, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7106
  • Dae Jaweon: page 557, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 917, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+5B97

Chinese[edit]

trad. 宗
simp. # 宗
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 宗
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (宗) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
淙 *zuːŋ, *sruːŋs, *zuːŋ
鬃 *zuːŋ, *ʔsoːŋ, *zuːŋ
漴 *zruːŋs
粽 *ʔsoːŋs
宗 *ʔsuːŋ
倧 *ʔsuːŋ
綜 *ʔsuːŋs
錝 *ʔsuːŋs
賨 *zuːŋ
琮 *zuːŋ
悰 *zuːŋ
孮 *zuːŋ
誴 *zuːŋ
崇 *zruŋ
崈 *zruŋ
踪 *ʔsoŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“house”) + 示 (“spirit tablet”) – temple; ancestral shrine.

Etymology[edit]

Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsuk ⪤ *tsik (“to build”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan རྫོང (rdzong, “castle; fortress”), Burmese ဆောင် (hcaung, “room; chamber; hall”) (Schuessler, 2007).

an administrative division in historical Tibet
Borrowed from Tibetan རྫོང (rdzong, “district; province”).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 宗
Mandarin Beijing /t͡suŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /suŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡suŋ²¹/
Jinan /t͡suŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡səŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡suŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡suŋ²¹/
Xining /t͡suə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡suŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /t͡sũn³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡suŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡soŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡soŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡soŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /t͡soŋ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /t͡soŋ³¹/
Hefei /t͡səŋ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡suəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡suŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sũŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡soŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡soŋ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡soŋ³³/
Wenzhou /t͡soŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /t͡san¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡soŋ³³/
Xiangtan /t͡sən³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡suŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡suŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /t͡suŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡soŋ⁵³/
Nanning /t͡suŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡suŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sɔŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡suŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sɔŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡soŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /toŋ²³/
Rime
Character 宗
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 冬 (5)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 作冬切
Baxter tsowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡suoŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡suoŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡soŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sawŋ/
Li
Rong 		/t͡soŋ/
Wang
Li 		/t͡suoŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡suoŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zōng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zung1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 宗
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zōng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsowng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ts]ˁuŋ/
English ancestral temple

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 宗
Reading # 1/1
No. 17892
Phonetic
component 		宗
Rime
group 		終
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		宗
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔsuːŋ/

Definitions[edit]

宗

  1. ancestral temple
  2. ancestors or elders of a people
  3. family
    宗法  ―  zōngfǎ  ―  patriarcal clan system
    宗周  ―  Zōngzhōu  ―  Ancestral Zhou, Clan city of Zhou (Western Zhou dynasty's capital)
    宗兄  ―  zōngxiōng  ―  elder brother
    同宗  ―  tóngzōng  ―  to be of the same clan
  4. school; sect
    禪宗／禅宗  ―  chánzōng  ―  Zen
    路德宗  ―  Lùdézōng  ―  Lutheranism
  5. main purpose
    宗旨  ―  zōngzhǐ  ―  aim
    萬變不離其宗／万变不离其宗  ―  wàn biàn bù lí qí zōng  ―  to remain the same in essence despite all apparent changes
  6. to revere; to respect; to follow
  7. (historical) an administrative division in historical Tibet, equivalent to a county
    當雄宗／当雄宗  ―  Dāngxióng Zōng  ―  Damxung dzong
  8. Classifier for things, sums of money, goods, etc.
    一宗款項／一宗款项  ―  yī zōng kuǎnxiàng  ―  a sum of money
  9. Classifier for cases (e.g. traffic accidents, criminal cases, medical cases, etc.).
    一宗命案 [Literary Cantonese]  ―  jat1 zung1 ming6 on3 [Jyutping]  ―  a homicide
    兩宗交易／两宗交易 [Literary Cantonese]  ―  loeng5 zung1 gaau1 jik6 [Jyutping]  ―  two transactions
    一宗交通意外 [Literary Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    jat1 zung1 gaau1 tung1 ji3 ngoi6 [Jyutping]
    a traffic accident
    1000多宗流感病例 [Literary Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    1000 do1 zung1 lau4 gam2 beng6 lai6 [Jyutping]
    over 1000 cases of influenza
  10. a surname
    宗澤／宗泽  ―  Zōng Zé  ―  Zong Ze (Southern Song official and general)

See also[edit]

  • (ancestral temple): 祖廟／祖庙 (zǔmiào)
  • (classifier for legal cases): 樁／桩 (zhuāng), 起 (qǐ)

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

宗

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. religion; doctrine; creed
  2. a place to venerate one's ancestors
  3. ancestor; ancestry; clan
  4. esteemed; respected
  5. central idea; core principle

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Kanji in this term
宗
むね
Grade: 6
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 宗 – see the following entry.
【旨むね】S
[noun] principle; aim; purpose
[noun] gist; meaning
(This term, 宗, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

宗 (eumhun 마루 종 (maru jong))

  1. Hanja form? of 종 (“fundamental knowledge”).
  2. Hanja form? of 종 (“root; ancestry”).
  3. Hanja form? of 종 (“religion”).

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

宗: Hán Nôm readings: tông, tong, tôn, tung

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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