孔子

Chinese

		Kong (surname)	respectful suffix for a male
simp. and trad. (孔子)		孔	子

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Kǒngzǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄗˇ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hung² zi²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): huung² du²

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Khûng-chṳ́
• Eastern Min (BUC): Kūng-cṳ̄
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): Khóng-chú / Khóng-chír / Khóng-chí

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kong² ze²

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵khon-tsy

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Kǒngzǐ [Phonetic: kóngzǐ]
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄗˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Kǒngzǐh
    • Wade–Giles: Kʻung³-tzŭ³
    • Yale: Kǔng-dž
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Koongtzyy
    • Palladius: Кунцзы (Kunczy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hung² zi²
    • Yale: húng jí
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hung² dzi²
    • Guangdong Romanization: hung² ji²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hʊŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: huung² du²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɵŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Khûng-chṳ́
    • Hakka Romanization System: kung´ zii`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kung¹ zi³
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰuŋ²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Kūng-cṳ̄
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuŋ³³⁻³⁵ ^(t͡s-)ʒy³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Khóng-chú
    • Tâi-lô: Khóng-tsú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qofngzuo
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Khóng-chír
    • Tâi-lô: Khóng-tsír
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Jinjiang, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Khóng-chí
    • Tâi-lô: Khóng-tsí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qofngcie
    • IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kong² ze²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khóng tsṳ́
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰoŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sɯ⁵²⁻²¹/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵khon-tsy
    • MiniDict: khon^去 tsy
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²khon-tsr
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰoŋ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: khuwngX tsiX

Rime
Character	孔	子
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	康董切	即里切
Baxter	khuwngX	tsiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰuŋX/	/t͡sɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰuŋX/	/t͡sɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰuŋX/	/t͡sieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəwŋX/	/t͡sɨX/
Li Rong	/kʰuŋX/	/t͡siəX/
Wang Li	/kʰuŋX/	/t͡sĭəX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰuŋX/	/t͡siX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kǒng	zǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hung2	zi2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʰˤoŋʔ  tsəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰloːŋʔ  ʔslɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	孔	子
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kǒng	zǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ khuwngX ›	‹ tsiX ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʰˁoŋʔ/	/*tsəʔ/
English	(surname)	child; gentleman, master
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	孔	子
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	7489	17857
Phonetic component	孔	子
Rime group	東	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	孔	子
Old Chinese	/*kʰloːŋʔ/	/*ʔslɯʔ/
Notes	金文象就乳，與古候切從子殼聲字（說文乳也）同源

Proper noun

孔子

1. Confucius

   • 孔子見老聃，老聃新沐，方將被髮而乾，慹然似非人。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     孔子见老聃，老聃新沐，方将被发而干，𰑔然似非人。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Kǒngzǐ jiàn Lǎodān, Lǎodān xīnmù, fāngjiāng bèifà ér gān, zhérán sì fēirén. [Pinyin]

     Confucius went to see Lao Dan, and arrived just as he had completed the bathing of his head, and was letting his dishevelled hair get dry. There he was, motionless, and as if there were not another man in the world.

Synonyms

• 仲尼 (Zhòngní)
• 先師／先师 (xiānshī)
• 先聖／先圣 (xiānshèng)
• 夫子 (fūzǐ)
• 孔 (kǒng)
• 孔丘 (Kǒng Qiū)
• 孔夫子 (Kǒng Fūzǐ)
• 孔子公 (Hokkien)
• 素王 (sùwáng)

 

Derived terms

• 孔子公
• 孔子學院／孔子学院 (Kǒngzǐ Xuéyuàn)
• 孔子家語／孔子家语
• 孔子廟／孔子庙 (Kǒngzǐmiào)
• 孔子廟堂碑／孔子庙堂碑
• 孔子白
• 孔子誕辰紀念／孔子诞辰纪念
• 孔子鳥／孔子鸟 (kǒngzǐniǎo)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (孔子):

• → Japanese: 孔(こう)子(し) (Kōshi)
• → Korean: 공자(孔子) (Gongja)
• → Vietnamese: Khổng Tử (孔子)

Others:

• → English: Kongzi
• → Kazakh: Құң-зы (Qūñ-zy)
• → Khmer: ខុងជឺ (khong cɨɨ)
• → Lao: ຂົງຈື້ (khong chư̄)
• → Manchu: ᡴᡠᠩᡯᡳ (kungdzi)
• → Mongolian: Күнз (Künz)
• → Russian: Ку́н-цзы́ (Kún-czý)
• → Thai: ขงจื๊อ (kǒng-jʉ́ʉ)
• → Tibetan: ཁུང་ཙི (khung tsi)
• → Uyghur: كۇڭزى (kungzi)
• → Zhuang: Gungjswj

Japanese

Kanji in this term
孔	子
こう Grade: S	し Grade: 1
kan’on

Kanji in this term
孔	子
く Grade: S	し > じ Grade: 1
goon

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 孔子 (MC khuwngX tsiX).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ko̞ːɕi]

• IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ᵝʑi]

Proper noun

孔(こう)子(し) or 孔(く)子(じ) • (Kōshi or Kuji) 

1. Confucius

   Synonym: 孔夫子 (Kō Fūshi)

See also

• 孔(く)子(じ)倒(だお)れ (Kujidaore)
• 孔(く)子(じ)の役(やく) (Kuji no yaku)
• 孔(こう)子(し)頭(あたま) (Kōshiatama)
• 孔(こう)子(し)顔(がお) (Kōshigao)
• 孔(こう)子(し)家(け)語(ご) (Kōshi Kego)
• 孔(こう)子(し)廟(びょう) (Kōshibyō)
• 諸(しょ)子(し)百(ひゃっ)家(か) (Shoshi Hyakka)

Korean

Hanja in this term
孔	子

Proper noun

孔子 • (Gongja) (hangeul 공자)

1. Hanja form^? of 공자 (“Confucius”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
孔	子

Proper noun

孔子

1. chữ Hán form of Khổng Tử (“Confucius”).