愚忠

Chinese

		stupid	loyal
trad. (愚忠)		愚	忠
simp. #(愚忠)		愚	忠

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yúzhōng

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˊ ㄓㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁴ zung¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yúzhōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˊ ㄓㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yújhong
    • Wade–Giles: yü²-chung¹
    • Yale: yú-jūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yujong
    • Palladius: юйчжун (jujčžun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jyu⁴ zung¹
    • Yale: yùh jūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁴ dzung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yu⁴ zung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: ngju trjuwng

Rime
Character	愚	忠
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	虞俱切	陟弓切
Baxter	ngju	trjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨo/	/ʈɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋio/	/ʈiuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋio/	/ȶiuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋuə̆/	/ʈuwŋ/
Li Rong	/ŋio/	/ȶiuŋ/
Wang Li	/ŋĭu/	/ȶĭuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯u/	/ȶi̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yú	zhōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu4	zung1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋo  tuŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	忠
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhōng
Middle Chinese	‹ trjuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*truŋ/
English	loyal
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	愚	忠
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	15919	17408
Phonetic component	禺	中
Rime group	侯	終
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime		中
Old Chinese	/*ŋo/	/*tuŋ/

Noun

愚忠

1. (literary, archaic, humble) loyalty without talent; the condition of being loyal yet incompetent (humble term referring to one's own efforts or opinions when addressing a sovereign)

   • 王命之，臣敢對，因竭其愚忠。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     王命之，臣敢对，因竭其愚忠。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Wáng mìng zhī, chén gǎn duì, yīn jié qí yúzhōng. [Pinyin]

     Your Majesty have given me an order, and I, your subject, would venture to say a word (before carrying it out), so that this incompetent man's loyal service may be duly rendered without reservations.

2. blind and unthinking loyalty; the state of being loyal to such extent that one's own judgement is surrendered; loyalty to an unworthy leader or cause