若夫

Chinese

		if, as, concerning	that
trad. (若夫)		若	夫
simp. #(若夫)		若	夫

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ruòfú

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄛˋ ㄈㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): joek⁶ fu⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ruòfú
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄛˋ ㄈㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ruòfú
    • Wade–Giles: jo⁴-fu²
    • Yale: rwò-fú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruohfwu
    • Palladius: жофу (žofu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹ fu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: joek⁶ fu⁴
    • Yale: yeuhk fùh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: joek⁹ fu⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yêg⁶ fu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jœːk̚² fuː²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: nyak bju

Rime
Character	若	夫
Reading #	3/3	1/2
Initial (聲)	日 (38)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	陽 (107)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	而灼切	防無切
Baxter	nyak	bju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨɐk̚/	/bɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiɐk̚/	/bio/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑiɑk̚/	/bio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵɨak̚/	/buə̆/
Li Rong	/ȵiak̚/	/bio/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭak̚/	/bĭu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ak̚/	/bʱi̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ruò	fú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	joek6	fu4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*nak  ba/

  (Zhengzhang): /*njaɡ  ba/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	若	夫
Reading #	1/2	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	ruò	fú
Middle Chinese	‹ nyak ›	‹ bju ›
Old Chinese	/*nak/	/*ba/
English	you	final particle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	若	夫
Reading #	3/3	2/2
No.	10940	3281
Phonetic component	若	夫
Rime group	鐸	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	若	扶
Old Chinese	/*njaɡ/	/*ba/
Notes	叒加口轉註

Conjunction

若夫

1. as to; as for

   • 若夫成功，則天也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     若夫成功，则天也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Ruòfú chénggōng, zé tiān yě. [Pinyin]

     As for success, that lies with Heaven.

   • 若夫君子所患則亡矣。非仁無為也，非禮無行也。如有一朝之患，則君子不患矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     若夫君子所患则亡矣。非仁无为也，非礼无行也。如有一朝之患，则君子不患矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Ruòfú jūnzǐ suǒ huàn zé wú yǐ. Fēi rén wú wéi yě, fēi lǐ wú xíng yě. Rú yǒu yī zhāo zhī huàn, zé jūnzǐ bù huàn yǐ. [Pinyin]

     As for what the virtuous man considers calamitous, there is none. Nothing he does is not benevolent; no action he takes is against the rites. If a calamity falls upon him one morning, the virtuous man does not consider it calamitous.