運

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See also: 运 and 連
運 U+904B, 運
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-904B
← 遊
[U+904A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 遌 →
[U+904C]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

運 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+9, 13 strokes in Chinese, 12 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 卜月十十 (YBJJ), four-corner 37304, composition ⿺辶軍)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1261, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38998
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1752, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3866, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+904B

Chinese[edit]

trad. 運
simp. 运*
alternative forms 𨔪

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 運
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (軍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
揮 *qʰul
輝 *qʰul
翬 *qʰul
暉 *qʰul
煇 *qʰul, *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ
楎 *qʰul, *ɡuːn
瀈 *qʰul
韗 *qʰons, *ɢuns
褌 *kuːn
鶤 *kuːn, *ɢuns
緷 *kuːnʔ, *ɡuːnʔ, *ɢuns
睴 *kuːns, *ɡuːnʔ
璭 *kuːns
瘒 *ŋɡuːn
顐 *ŋɡuːn, *ŋɡuːns, *ɡuːn
諢 *ŋɡuːns
餫 *ɡuːn, *ɢuns
渾 *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ
琿 *ɡuːn
鼲 *ɡuːn
堚 *ɡuːn
鯶 *ɡuːnʔ
軍 *kun
皸 *kun, *kuns
齳 *ŋɡunʔ
喗 *ŋɡunʔ
葷 *qʰun
惲 *qunʔ
賱 *qunʔ
運 *ɢuns
暈 *ɢuns
鄆 *ɢuns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢuns) : semantic 辵 (“motion”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun).

Etymology[edit]

STEDT relates it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *wal (“round; circular”), which is also connected to the following:

  • 圓 (OC *ɢon, “round”)
  • 圜 (OC *ɡʷraːn, “round”)
  • 旋 (OC *sɢʷans, “to revolve; to return”)
  • 環 (OC *ɡʷraːn, “ring”)
  • 還 (OC *ɡʷraːn, “to return”)
  • 院 (OC *ɦŋons, “courtyard”).

暈 (OC *ɢuns, “halo”) is the same word (Schuessler, 2007). It is possibly related to 雲 (OC *ɢun, “cloud”) (ibid.).

Additionally, Karlgren (1933) relates it to 圍 (OC *ɢʷɯl, “to surround”), and Wang (1982) to 回 (OC *ɡuːl, “to return”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 運
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 文 (59)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 王問切
Baxter hjunH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦɨunH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦiunH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣiuənH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦunH/
Li
Rong 		/ɣiuənH/
Wang
Li 		/ɣĭuənH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/i̯uənH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yùn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wan6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 運
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yùn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hjunH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɢ]ʷər-s/
English turn round, move

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 運
Reading # 1/1
No. 7341
Phonetic
component 		軍
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		運
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢuns/

Definitions[edit]

運

  1. to move; to revolve
  2. to transport; to carry; to ship
    從臺灣運過嚟嘅 [Cantonese, trad.]
    从台湾运过嚟嘅 [Cantonese, simp.]
    cung4 toi4 waan1 wan6 gwo3 lai4 ge3 [Jyutping]
    transported here from Taiwan
  3. to use; to utilize
  4. fortune; luck; fate
  5. a surname
  6. (Philippine Hokkien) to stroll; to saunter; to go for a walk

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (運):
  • → Japanese: 運(うん) (un)
  • → Korean: 운(運) (un)
  • → Vietnamese: vận (運)

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai 運
Kyūjitai
[1]
運󠄁
運+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
運󠄃
運+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji[edit]

運

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. to drive
  2. to manage, to run
  3. to ship, to transport
  4. luck, fortune

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
運
うん
Grade: 3
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 運 (MC hjunH).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

運(うん) • (un) 

  1. luck, fortune
    運(うん)がいい人(ひと)
    un ga ii hito
    a person who has good luck

Affix[edit]

運(うん) • (un) 

  1. move
  2. carry; transport
  3. put to work; operate
  4. luck; fate

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms

References[edit]

  1. ^ “運”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

運 (eumhun 옮길 운 (omgil un))

  1. Hanja form? of 운 (“to move, to shift, to transfer”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

運: Hán Nôm readings: vận, nảy, vần, vẩn, vặn, vờn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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