yes; only; alone | life; fate | be; yes; this | from; obey; observe from; obey; observe; follow; second cousin; lax; yielding; unhurried | ||
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trad. (唯命是從) | 唯 | 命 | 是 | 從 | |
simp. (唯命是从) | 唯 | 命 | 是 | 从 | |
alternative forms | 惟命是從/惟命是从 |
Rime | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Character | 唯 | 命 | 是 | 從 |
Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/3 |
Initial (聲) | 以 (36) | 明 (4) | 常 (25) | 從 (15) |
Final (韻) | 脂 (16) | 庚 (111) | 支 (11) | 鍾 (7) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Closed | Open | Open | Open |
Division (等) | III | III | III | III |
Fanqie | 以追切 | 眉病切 | 承紙切 | 疾容切 |
Baxter | ywij | mjaengH | dzyeX | dzjowng |
Reconstructions | ||||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/jiuɪ/ | /mˠiæŋH/ | /d͡ʑiᴇX/ | /d͡zɨoŋ/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/jʷi/ | /mᵚiaŋH/ | /d͡ʑiɛX/ | /d͡zioŋ/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/juɪ/ | /miaŋH/ | /d͡ʑjɛX/ | /d͡zioŋ/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/jwi/ | /miajŋH/ | /d͡ʑiə̆X/ | /d͡zuawŋ/ |
Li Rong |
/ui/ | /miɐŋH/ | /ʑieX/ | /d͡zioŋ/ |
Wang Li |
/jwi/ | /mĭɐŋH/ | /ʑǐeX/ | /d͡zĭwoŋ/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/wi/ | /mi̯ɐŋH/ | /ʑie̯X/ | /d͡zʱi̯woŋ/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
wéi | mìng | shì | cóng |
Expected Cantonese Reflex |
wai4 | ming6 | si6 | cung4 |
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Character | 唯 | 命 | 是 | 從 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/3 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
wéi | mìng | shì | cóng |
Middle Chinese |
‹ ywij › | ‹ mjængH › | ‹ dzyeX › | ‹ dzjowng › |
Old Chinese |
/*ɢʷij/ (< *ɢʷuj?) | /*m-riŋ-s/ (dialect: *m-r- > *mr-, *-iŋ> *-eŋ) | /*[d]eʔ/ | /*[dz]oŋ/ |
English | only | command (n.) | this | to follow |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Character | 唯 | 命 | 是 | 從 |
Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 2/3 |
No. | 12854 | 8275 | 11645 | 1858 |
Phonetic component |
唯 | 令 | 是 | 从 |
Rime group |
脂 | 耕 | 支 | 東 |
Rime subdivision |
2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Corresponding MC rime |
惟 | 命 | 是 | 從 |
Old Chinese |
/*ɢʷi/ | /*mreŋs/ | /*djeʔ/ | /*zloŋ/ |
Notes | 本象隹鳴,鷕即其轉註異構, 非隹聲 |
令轉註字 | 金文從早從止, 馬敘倫謂正加射的。按象對準目標行進, 表所行正確 |
唯命是從