戇

See also: 戆

戇 U+6207, 戇 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6207 ← 戆 [U+6206] CJK Unified Ideographs 戈 → [U+6208]

Translingual

Han character

戇 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+24, 28 strokes, cangjie input 難卜金心 (XYCP) or 卜金心 (YCP), four-corner 0733₈, composition ⿱贛心)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 409, character 31
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11525
• Dae Jaweon: page 751, character 30
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2373, character 4
• Unihan data for U+6207

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 戇
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (夅) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
贛	*kluːmʔ, *kluːms, *kromʔ, *kloːms
灨	*kluːmʔ, *kluːms
竷	*kʰluːms
戇	*kr'oːms, *qʰloːms
洚	*kruːŋs, *ɡruːŋ, *ɡloːŋ, *ɡluːŋ
降	*kruːŋs, *ɡruːŋ
絳	*kruːŋs
栙	*ɡruːŋ
夅	*ɡruːŋ
跭	*ɡruːŋ
隆	*ɡ·ruːŋ
癃	*ɡ·ruːŋ
窿	*ɡ·ruːŋ
霳	*ɡ·ruːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kr'oːms, *qʰloːms) : phonetic 贛 (OC *kluːmʔ, *kluːms, *kromʔ, *kloːms) + semantic 心.

Etymology 1

trad.		戇
simp.		戆
alternative forms		戅 𢥹 𢦀 贛／赣

“Stupid”. Attested abundantly in Old Chinese, but obsolete in modern varieties. Compared with Proto-Mon *trɔɔʔ (> Mon သ္ဒိုဟ် (tɜ̀h, “foolish, stupid”)) by Schuessler (2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhuàng (zhuang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zong³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhuàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhuàng
    • Wade–Giles: chuang⁴
    • Yale: jwàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juanq
    • Palladius: чжуан (čžuan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zong³
    • Yale: jong
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzong³
    • Guangdong Romanization: zong³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːŋ³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: xuwngH, traewngH

Rime
Character	戇	戇
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	江 (9)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	呼貢切	陟降切
Baxter	xuwngH	traewngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/huŋH/	/ʈˠʌŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/huŋH/	/ʈᵚɔŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/xuŋH/	/ȶɔŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/həwŋH/	/ʈaɨwŋH/
Li Rong	/xuŋH/	/ȶɔŋH/
Wang Li	/xuŋH/	/ȶɔŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/xuŋH/	/ȶɔŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hòng	zhuàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hung3	zong3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰˤoŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kr'oːms/, /*qʰloːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	戇
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhuàng
Middle Chinese	‹ xuwngH ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰˁoŋ-s/
English	stupid (Beaudouin, Sagart & Baxter, 2021)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	戇	戇
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6277	6291
Phonetic component	夅	夅
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	戇	烘
Old Chinese	/*kr'oːms/	/*qʰloːms/

Definitions

戇

1. ^† stupid and honest; simple
2. ^† blunt and tactless

Etymology 2

trad.		戇
simp.		戆
alternative forms		戅 怣 Min Nan 憨 Min Nan 慐／𰑟 Min Nan 惷 Min Nan

Dialectally preserved word for “stupid”, attested since Middle Chinese. Relationship to Etymology 1 is unknown.

Compare Proto-Central Chin *ŋoŋ (“dull, stupid”) > Mizo ngawng (“dull, stupid”), Proto-Tai-Kadai *ŋV:ŋ.T (“stupid”) > Zhuang nguengh (“stupid”), as well as Old Khmer lṅaṅya (“stupid, obtuse, ignorant”) > Khmer ល្ងង់ (lngŭəng)).

Bauer (1996) suggests that this root may have entered Old Southern Chinese during the period of its early contact with Tai-speaking peoples in southern China.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gàng (gang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄤˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngong⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngong⁵

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ngong

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ngong⁴

• Eastern Min (BUC): ngâung
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): gōng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gong⁵ / gong³ / kong³

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶gaon

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gàng
    • Wade–Giles: kang⁴
    • Yale: gàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ganq
    • Palladius: ган (gan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngong⁶
    • Yale: ngohng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngong⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngong⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔːŋ²²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: ngong⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡɔŋ³²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngong
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngong
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngong⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋoŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ngong⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋɔŋ⁵³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ngâung
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɑuŋ²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōng
    • Tâi-lô: gōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gong
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore): /ɡɔŋ²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡɔŋ⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gong⁵ / gong³ / kong³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kông / kòng / khòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /koŋ⁵⁵/, /koŋ²¹³/, /kʰoŋ²¹³/

Note: gong3 - in 柴戇／柴戆.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶gaon
    • MiniDict: gaon^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³gaan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɡɑ̃²³/

Definitions

戇

1. (Cantonese, Hakka, Min, Wu) stupid; foolish; simple; simple-minded

   戇大／戆大 [Shanghainese]  ―  ⁶gaon-du [Wugniu]  ―  idiot

   戇居／戆居 [Cantonese]  ―  ngong⁶ geoi¹ [Jyutping]  ―  fool

   阿拉小囡老戇個，連美國首都辣啥地方也勿曉得。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
   阿拉小囡老戆个，连美国首都辣啥地方也勿晓得。 [Shanghainese, simp.]

   ⁷aq-la ⁵shiau-noe ⁶lau ⁶gaon ⁰gheq ⁶li ⁵me-koq ⁵seu-tu ⁸laq ⁵sa-di-faon ⁶gha ⁸veq-shiau-teq [Wugniu]

   My kid is very stupid; they don't even know where the capital of America is.

2. (dialectal Mandarin) stubborn; bull-headed
3. (dialectal Mandarin) frank; honest; straight

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 傻 (“foolish”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		傻
Mandarin	Beijing	傻
	Taiwan	傻
	Tianjin	傻
	Xi'an	瓜
	Wuhan	苕, 哈, 嘎
	Chengdu	哈, 瓜, 寶
	Guilin	哈
	Yangzhou	呆, 木足, 瓜
	Hefei	呆, 傻
	Singapore	傻, 戇
Cantonese	Guangzhou	戇, 傻, 戇居
	Hong Kong	傻, 戇, 戇居
	Taishan	傻, 吽, 戇
	Dongguan	戇, 傻, 吽
	Yangjiang	傻, 戇
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	傻, 戇
	Singapore (Guangfu)	傻, 戇
Gan	Nanchang	蟬
Hakka	Meixian	傻, 戇
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	戇, 傻
	Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua)	傻
	Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua)	戇
	Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua)	戇
	Longmen (Pingling Bendihua)	戇鳩
	Boluo (Bendihua)	呆愕
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	戇
	Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua)	戇鬼
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	傻
	Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)	慢, 嚒
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	戇鳩
	Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua)	戇
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	傻
	Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua)	戇鳩
	Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua)	戇鳩
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	戇
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	戇
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	戇
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	戇
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	戇
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	戇
Jin	Taiyuan	傻, 二不楞
Northern Min	Jian'ou	賴, 戇
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	戇
	Changle	戇
	Fuqing	戇
	Yongtai	戇
	Gutian	阿褒
	Fu'an	戇
	Ningde	戇, 庸
	Shouning	戇, 庸
	Zhouning	戇
	Fuding	庸
	Matsu	戇
Southern Min	Xiamen	戇
	Quanzhou	戇, 潲面 vulgar
	Zhangzhou	戇, 哚哥, 潲面 vulgar
	Zhao'an	戇
	Kaohsiung	戇
	Changhua (Lukang)	戇
	Taichung	戇
	Taichung (Wuqi)	呆
	Tainan	槌, 戇
	Hsinchu	戇
	Penghu (Magong)	戇
	Penang (Hokkien)	戇
	Singapore (Hokkien)	戇, 悇, 呆, 歁戇, 戇戇, 戇呆, 呆呆, 悇悇
	Manila (Hokkien)	戇, 戇戇, 洽, 洽潲 vulgar, 洽仔, 山猴, 三八, 三八潲 vulgar
	Chaozhou	㦙, 白仁, 戇
	Jieyang	㦙, 白仁, 戇
	Singapore (Teochew)	㦙, 戇, 悇
	Wenchang	戇, 傻
	Haikou	戇
	Qionghai	戇
	Singapore (Hainanese)	戇
Wu	Shanghai	戇, 壽, 糞
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	戇, 壽, 踱
	Suzhou	戇, 壽, 踱
	Wuxi	戇, 壽
	Tongxiang	踱
	Ningbo	呆, 戇
	Wenzhou	呆, 憨
Xiang	Changsha	寶, 醒
	Shuangfeng	哈

Compounds

• 假戇／假戆
• 大戇牯／大戆牯
• 愚戇／愚戆
• 戇Q／戆Q
• 戇人／戆人
• 戇仔／戆仔
• 戇佬／戆佬
• 戇吼吼／戆吼吼
• 戇喪／戆丧 (zhuàngsāng)
• 戇囝／戆囝
• 戇大／戆大
• 戇大呆／戆大呆
• 戇妹／戆妹
• 戇婆／戆婆
• 戇小子／戆小子
• 戇居／戆居
• 戇居佬／戆居佬
• 戇居居／戆居居
• 戇戇／戆戆
• 戇手／戆手 (Hainanese)
• 戇搭搭／戆搭搭
• 戇正／戆正
• 戇狗／戆狗
• 戇猴／戆猴
• 戇的／戆的
• 戇直／戆直 (zhuàngzhí)
• 戇神／戆神
• 戇膽／戆胆
• 戇話／戆话
• 戇過隻鴨／戆过只鸭
• 戇錢／戆钱
• 戇面／戆面
• 戇頭／戆头
• 戇頭子／戆头子
• 戇頭戇腦／戆头戆脑
• 戇馬／戆马
• 戇鳩／戆鸠
• 戇鳩鳩／戆鸠鸠
• 番仔戇／番仔戆
• 詐戇／诈戆
• 霎戇／霎戆

 

References

• “Entry #13447”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

戇

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku); とう (tō)
• Kan-on: こう (kō); とう (tō)^{←たう (tau, historical)}

Korean

Hanja

戇 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

戇: Hán Việt readings: tráng (陟(trắc)降(giáng)切(thiết))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.