杞

杞 U+675E, 杞 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-675E ← 杝 [U+675D] CJK Unified Ideographs 束 → [U+675F]

杞 U+2F8DB, 杞 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8DB ← 朡 [U+2F8DA] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 杓 → [U+2F8DC]

Translingual

Han character

杞 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木尸山 (DSU), four-corner 4791₇, composition ⿰木己 or ⿰木已)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 512, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14479
• Dae Jaweon: page 898, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1162, character 3
• Unihan data for U+675E

• Unihan data for U+2F8DB

Chinese

simp. and trad.		杞

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (己) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
改	*klɯːʔ
跽	*ɡrɯʔ
己	*kɯʔ
紀	*kɯʔ
妀	*kɯʔ
記	*kɯs
杞	*kʰɯʔ
屺	*kʰɯʔ
芑	*kʰɯʔ
邔	*kʰɯʔ, *ɡɯs
玘	*kʰɯʔ
忌	*ɡɯs
鵋	*ɡɯs
誋	*ɡɯs
梞	*ɡɯs

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qǐ (qi³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gei²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kí

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cǐ
    • Wade–Giles: chʻi³
    • Yale: chǐ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chii
    • Palladius: ци (ci)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gei²
    • Yale: géi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gei²
    • Guangdong Romanization: géi²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kí
    • Tâi-lô: kí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kie
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ki⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ki⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ki⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: khiX

Rime
Character	杞
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	墟里切
Baxter	khiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɨX/
Li Rong	/kʰiəX/
Wang Li	/kʰĭəX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hei2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	杞
Reading #	1/1
No.	5769
Phonetic component	己
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	起
Old Chinese	/*kʰɯʔ/

Definitions

杞

1. Salix integra

   Synonym: 杞柳 (qǐliǔ)

   • 將仲子兮、無踰我里、無折我樹杞。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     将仲子兮、无逾我里、无折我树杞。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Jiāng Zhòngzǐ xī, wú yú wǒ lǐ, wú zhé wǒ shùqǐ. [Pinyin]

     I pray you, Master Zhong, Do not come leaping into my hamlet; Do not break my willow trees.

2. wolfberry

   Synonym: 枸杞 (gǒuqǐ)

   • 翩翩者鵻、載飛載止、集于苞杞。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     翩翩者𱊅、载飞载止、集于苞杞。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Piānpiān zhě zhuī, zǎi fēi zǎi zhǐ, jí yú bāoqǐ. [Pinyin]

     Darting and dashing are the turtle-doves; now flying, now stopping; gathering on the lush wolfberry-trees.

3. a kind of tree

   • 南山有杞，北山有李。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Nánshān yǒu qǐ, běishān yǒu lǐ. [Pinyin]

     On the southern hills there are qi-trees; on the northern hills there are plum-trees.

4. a small feudal state (Qi), founded in Henan during the Shang Dynasty

   杞人憂天／杞人忧天  ―  Qǐrényōutiān  ―  The man of Qi worrying about the sky

   • 杞小微，其事不足稱述。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     杞小微，其事不足称述。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Qǐ xiǎowēi, qí shì bùzú chēngshù. [Pinyin]

     Qi was too small; its affairs are not worth narrating.

   • 子曰：「夏禮，吾能言之，杞不足徵也；殷禮，吾能言之，宋不足徵也。文獻不足故也，足則吾能徵之矣。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子曰：「夏礼，吾能言之，杞不足征也；殷礼，吾能言之，宋不足征也。文献不足故也，足则吾能征之矣。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE

     Zǐyuē: “Xiàlǐ, wú néng yán zhī, Qǐ bùzú zhēng yě; Yīnlǐ, wú néng yán zhī, Sòng bùzú zhēng yě. Wénxiàn bùzú gù yě, zú zé wú néng zhēng zhī yǐ.” [Pinyin]

     The Master said, "I could describe the ceremonies of the Xia dynasty, but Qi cannot sufficiently attest my words. I could describe the ceremonies of the Yin dynasty, but Song cannot sufficiently attest my words. (They cannot do so) because of the insufficiency of their records and wise men. If those were sufficient, I could adduce them in support of my words."

Compounds

• 杞人之憂／杞人之忧
• 杞人憂天／杞人忧天 (qǐrényōutiān)
• 杞國憂天／杞国忧天
• 杞天
• 杞宋無徵／杞宋无征
• 杞憂／杞忧 (qǐyōu)
• 杞柳 (qǐliǔ)
• 杞梓
• 杞梁妻
• 枸杞 (gǒuqǐ)
• 枸杞子 (gǒuqǐzǐ)
• 樹杞／树杞
• 萬杞良／万杞良
• 荊南杞梓／荆南杞梓
• 荊杞／荆杞

 

Usage notes

According to Zhu Xi's 《詩經集傳》 Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Poetry, there are three kinds of trees named 杞 (qǐ) in the Classic of Poetry:

• 「柳屬也。」 "a kind of willows", i.e. Salix integra,
• 「枸檵也。」 "wolfberry", and
• 「樹，如樗。一名狗骨。」 "a tree which resembles the varnish tree [Ailanthus glandulosa] and is also named 'dog-bone'," ([1]) (though unlikely to be the shrubby 麻黃／麻黄 (máhuáng, “ephedra”)).

Legge translated 杞 (qǐ) as either "willow" or "medlar".

Japanese

Kanji

杞

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: こ (ko)
• Kan-on: き (ki)
• Kun: すき (suki); ふご (fugo); もっこ (mokko)

Korean

Hanja

杞 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)

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Vietnamese

Han character

杞: Hán Nôm readings: khởi, kỷ

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