皇太后

Chinese

		emperor; surname	empress dowager
simp. and trad. (皇太后)		皇	太后

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): huángtàihòu

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄊㄞˋ ㄏㄡˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wong⁴ taai³ hau⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hông-thài-hō͘ / hông-thài-hiō

  (Teochew, Peng'im): huang⁵ tai³ hou⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: huángtàihòu
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄊㄞˋ ㄏㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: huángtàihòu
    • Wade–Giles: huang²-tʻai⁴-hou⁴
    • Yale: hwáng-tài-hòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwangtayhow
    • Palladius: хуантайхоу (xuantajxou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: wong⁴ taai³ hau⁶
    • Yale: wòhng taai hauh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wong⁴ taai³ hau⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: wong⁴ tai³ heo⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɔːŋ²¹ tʰaːi̯³³ hɐu̯²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông-thài-hō͘
    • Tâi-lô: hông-thài-hōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hongtae'ho
    • IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ hɔ³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³⁻³³ tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ hɔ³³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông-thài-hiō
    • Tâi-lô: hông-thài-hiō
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hongtae'hioi
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³⁻³³ tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ hiɤ³³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ hio³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: huang⁵ tai³ hou⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâng thài hŏu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hou³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: hwang thajH huwX|huwH

Rime
Character	皇	太	后	后
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	透 (6)	匣 (33)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	唐 (102)	泰 (25)	侯 (137)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	I	I
Fanqie	胡光切	他蓋切	胡口切	胡遘切
Baxter	hwang	thajH	huwX	huwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦwɑŋ/	/tʰɑiH/	/ɦəuX/	/ɦəuH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷɑŋ/	/tʰɑiH/	/ɦəuX/	/ɦəuH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɑŋ/	/tʰɑiH/	/ɣəuX/	/ɣəuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwaŋ/	/tʰajH/	/ɦəwX/	/ɦəwH/
Li Rong	/ɣuɑŋ/	/tʰɑiH/	/ɣuX/	/ɣuH/
Wang Li	/ɣuɑŋ/	/tʰɑiH/	/ɣəuX/	/ɣəuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣwɑŋ/	/tʰɑiH/	/ɣə̯uX/	/ɣə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huáng	tài	hòu	hòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wong4	taai3	hau6	hau6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷˤaŋ  l̥ˤa[t]-s  ɢˤ(r)oʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷaːŋ  tʰaːds  ɡoːʔ|ɡoːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	皇	皇	太	后
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huáng	huáng	tài	hòu
Middle Chinese	‹ hwang ›	‹ hwang ›	‹ thajH ›	‹ huwX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/	/*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/	/*l̥ˁa[t]-s/	/*ɢˁ(r)oʔ/
English	yellow and white spotted	sovereign	great	sovereign; queen
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	皇	太	后	后
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/2	2/2
No.	12696	1937	5168	5172
Phonetic component	王	大	后	后
Rime group	陽	祭	侯	侯
Rime subdivision	0	1	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	黃	泰	厚	𠋫
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷaːŋ/	/*tʰaːds/	/*ɡoːʔ/	/*ɡoːs/
Notes	禮王制鄭注冕屬， 金文象羽冠，王聲；或雲象日射輝則爲暀晃初文

Noun

皇太后

1. empress dowager

   • 奴才替天下百姓感激皇太后恩典！ [MSC, trad. and simp.]

     From: The Firmament of the Pleiades

     Núcái tì tiānxià bǎixìng gǎnjī huángtàihòu ēndiǎn! [Pinyin]

     I, on behalf of the people throughout the world, [hereby] express my gratitude for the kindness of the empress dowager!

Synonyms

• 太后 (tàihòu)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (皇太后):

• → Japanese: 皇太后(こうたいごう) (kōtaigō)
• → Korean: 황태후(皇太后) (hwangtaehu)
• → Vietnamese: hoàng thái hậu (皇太后)

Others:

• → Khitan: 𘭝𘲈𘰬 (*hoŋ tai heu)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
皇	太	后
こう Grade: 6	たい Grade: 2	ごう Grade: 6
on’yomi

Noun

皇(こう)太(たい)后(ごう) • (kōtaigō) 

1. empress dowager

   Synonym: 太后 (taigō)

Korean

Hanja in this term
皇	太	后

Noun

皇太后 • (hwangtaehu) (hangeul 황태후)

1. Hanja form^? of 황태후 (“empress dowager”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
皇	太	后

Noun

皇太后

1. chữ Hán form of hoàng thái hậu (“empress dowager”).