螺

螺 U+87BA, 螺 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-87BA ← 螹 [U+87B9] CJK Unified Ideographs 螻 → [U+87BB]

螺 U+F911, 螺 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F911 ← 蘿 [U+F910] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 裸 → [U+F912]

Translingual

Han character

螺 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 中戈田女火 (LIWVF), four-corner 5619₃, composition ⿰虫⿱田糸)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1095, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33512
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2885, character 5
• Unihan data for U+87BA

• Unihan data for U+F911

Chinese

simp. and trad.		螺
alternative forms		蠃

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (畾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
摞	*roːl, *roːls
騾	*roːl
螺	*roːl
蔂	*roːl, *rul
虆	*roːl, *rul
瘰	*roːlʔ
礌	*ruːl, *ruːls
雷	*ruːl
擂	*ruːl, *ruːls
攂	*ruːl, *ruːls
礧	*ruːll, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls
儡	*ruːl, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls
瓃	*ruːl, *rul, *ruls
櫑	*ruːl, *ruːlʔ
鑘	*ruːl, *ruːlʔ
鐳	*ruːl
畾	*ruːl
轠	*ruːl, *rulʔ
罍	*ruːl
蕾	*ruːlʔ
癗	*ruːlʔ
磥	*ruːlʔ
累	*ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols
儽	*ruːls, *rul
樏	*rolʔ, *rul
鸓	*rul, *rulʔ
嫘	*rul
纍	*rul, *ruls
欙	*rul
纝	*rul
壘	*rulʔ
櫐	*rulʔ
蘽	*rulʔ
藟	*rulʔ
讄	*rulʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːl) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 累 (OC *ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kroj (“shellfish, shell”). From the same root derives 蝸 (OC *kroːl, *kʷroːl, “terrestrial snail”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): luó (luo²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄛˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lo⁴, lo^4-2
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): lò

  (Meixian, Guangdong): lo²

• Eastern Min (BUC): lòi
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lê / lêr / lô / lô͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): lo⁵ / lo¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶lu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: luó
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: luó
    • Wade–Giles: lo²
    • Yale: lwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luo
    • Palladius: ло (lo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu̯ɔ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: lo⁴, lo^4-2
    • Yale: lòh, ló
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lo⁴, lo^4-2
    • Guangdong Romanization: lo⁴, lo^4-2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔː²¹/, /lɔː²¹⁻³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lò
    • Hakka Romanization System: loˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: lo²
    • Sinological IPA: /lo¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: lo²
    • Sinological IPA: /lo¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: lòi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃øy⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lê
    • Tâi-lô: lê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lee
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Tainan, Yilan): /le²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /le¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /le²³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêr
    • Tâi-lô: lêr
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang, Kinmen): /lə²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô
    • Tâi-lô: lô
    • Phofsit Daibuun: looi
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /lo²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô͘
    • Tâi-lô: lôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: loo
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei): /lɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔ²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔ¹³/

Note:

• lê/lêr - vernacular;
• lô/lô͘ - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: lo⁵ / lo¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lô / lo
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lo⁵⁵/, /lo³³/

Note: lo1 - only in 庵螺 (am1 lo1).

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶lu
    • MiniDict: lu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³lu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /lu²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: lwa

Rime
Character	螺
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	落戈切
Baxter	lwa
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/luɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/luɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/luɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lwa/
Li Rong	/luɑ/
Wang Li	/luɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/luɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	luó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lo4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k.rˤoj/

  (Zhengzhang): /*roːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	螺
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	luó
Middle Chinese	‹ lwa ›
Old Chinese	/*k.rˁoj/
English	spiral, snail
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	螺
Reading #	1/1
No.	7701
Phonetic component	畾
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	𩼊
Old Chinese	/*roːl/
Notes	見論衡說文作蠃

Definitions

螺

1. aquatic snail (as opposed to a terrestrial snail, 蝸／蜗 (wō))
2. whorl; swirl; spiral
3. fingerprint whorls
4. (organic chemistry) spiro-

   螺內酯／螺内酯  ―  luónèizhǐ  ―  spironolactone

5. (transgender slang) Short for 螺內酯／螺内酯 (luónèizhǐ, “spironolactone”); spiro
6. (historical) wine cup made from a snail shell
7. (historical) ink; pigment (green-black in color, produced from the snail, and used by women for drawing eyebrows)
8. Short for 螺髻 (“hair done up in a coil shape”).

See also

• (spiro): 補／补 (bǔ, “E”), 色 (sè, “cypro”)

Compounds

• 吃螺絲／吃螺丝 (chī luósī)
• 吹法螺
• 大吹法螺 (dàchuīfǎluó)
• 大法螺
• 天狗螺
• 峨螺
• 指螺
• 旋螺
• 木螺釘／木螺钉
• 法螺 (fǎluó)
• 泡螺
• 海螺 (hǎiluó)
• 玉螺
• 田螺 (tiánluó)
• 白螺 (Báiluó)
• 碧螺春 (bìluóchūn)
• 竹陀螺
• 筍螺／笋螺
• 紅螺／红螺
• 蝸螺／蜗螺
• 螺內酯／螺内酯 (luónèizhǐ)
• 螺子墨
• 螺子黛
• 螺山 (Luóshān)
• 螺帽 (luómào)
• 螺旋 (luóxuán)
• 螺旋槳／螺旋桨 (luóxuánjiǎng)
• 螺旋狀／螺旋状
• 螺旋菌
• 螺旋體／螺旋体 (luóxuántǐ)
• 螺杯
• 螺栓 (luóshuān)
• 螺槳／螺桨
• 螺模
• 螺槳船／螺桨船
• 螺母 (luómǔ)
• 螺溪石硯／螺溪石砚
• 螺溪硯／螺溪砚
• 螺烷
• 螺紋／螺纹 (luówén)
• 螺紋鑽／螺纹钻
• 螺絲／螺丝 (luósī)
• 螺絲刀／螺丝刀 (luósīdāo)
• 螺絲崗／螺丝岗
• 螺絲帽／螺丝帽 (luósīmào)
• 螺絲扣／螺丝扣
• 螺絲攻／螺丝攻
• 螺絲模／螺丝模
• 螺絲母／螺丝母 (luósīmǔ)
• 螺絲起子／螺丝起子 (luósī qǐzi)
• 螺絲釘／螺丝钉 (luósīdīng)
• 螺絲髻／螺丝髻
• 螺線圈／螺线圈
• 螺號／螺号 (luóhào)
• 螺螄／螺蛳 (luósī)
• 螺螄轉兒／螺蛳转儿
• 螺貝／螺贝 (luóbèi)
• 螺距 (luójù)
• 螺釘／螺钉 (luódīng)
• 螺鈿／螺钿 (luódiàn)
• 螺階／螺阶
• 螺青
• 螺髻
• 螺墨
• 螺黛
• 蠑螺／蝾螺
• 裹螺螄／裹螺蛳
• 西螺 (Xīluó)
• 西螺鎮／西螺镇
• 鈿螺／钿螺
• 陀螺 (tuóluó)
• 霆水螺 (tân-chúi-lê) (Min Nan)
• 青螺
• 骨螺
• 鮑螺／鲍螺
• 鸚鵡螺／鹦鹉螺 (yīngwǔluó)
• 黛螺

 

References

• “螺”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• “Entry #12384”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

螺

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. spiral-shaped shellfish

Readings

• Go-on: ら (ra)
• Kan-on: ら (ra)
• Kun: つぶ (tsubu, 螺); つび (tsubi, 螺); つみ (tsumi, 螺); にし (nishi, 螺); にな (nina, 螺)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
螺
ら Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 螺 (lwa, “conch; spiral”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ら​ [ráꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɾa̠]

Noun

螺(ら) • (ra) 

1. any shellfish with a spiral shell

Usage notes

In compounds, may lend meanings of either shell or spiral.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 螺階(らかい) (rakai): a spiral staircase
• 螺子(らし) (rashi): a screw (more commonly read as neji)
• 螺旋(らせん) (rasen): a spiral
• 螺鈿(らでん) (raden): mother of pearl
• 螺杯(らはい) (rahai), 螺盃(らはい) (rahai): a drinking cup made from the shell of a Turbo marmoratus or green turban snail
• 螺髪(らほつ) (rahotsu): one of the thirty-two different appearances of Buddha, shown in statuary with a hairstyle consisting of knobby spirals of hair
• 螺髻(らけい) (rakei): a hairstyle with the hair wrapped up in a spiral bun similar in shape to a conch shell; a high, verdant mountain

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
螺
つび Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Cognate with 粒 (tsubu, “grain; granule, little roundish bit of something”). May have originally been the standalone form; compare 神 (kamu, bound form, only used in compounds) and 神 (kami, standalone form).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [t͡sɨᵝbʲi]

Noun

螺(つび) • (tsubi) 

1. (obsolete) spiral shellfish, especially smaller ones
2. (obsolete) alternate name for 蛤 (hamaguri, “clam”)

Etymology 3

螺 (tsubu, tsubi, tsumi): a variety of whelks for sale.

Kanji in this term
螺
つぶ Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Cognate with 粒 (tsubu, “grain; granule, little roundish bit of something”). May have originally been the combining form; compare 神 (kamu, bound form, only used in compounds) and 神 (kami, standalone form).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) つ​ぶ [tsúꜜbù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [t͡sɨᵝbɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

螺(つぶ) • (tsubu) 

1. spiral shellfish, especially smaller ones
2. edible marine whelks of family Buccinidae
3. alternate name for 田螺 (tanishi): river snails of family Viviparidae

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 螺貝(つぶがい) (tsubugai): whelks and other spiral shellfish

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
螺
つみ Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

/t͡subi/ → /t͡sumi/

Shift in pronunciation from tsubi above.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [t͡sɨᵝmʲi]

Noun

螺(つみ) • (tsumi) 

1. (obsolete) spiral shellfish, especially smaller ones

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
螺
にし Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Previously referred to any shellfish with a spiral shell (see ra above). Now refers more specifically to certain spiral shellfish. More common in compounds.

Alternative forms

• 辛螺

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) に​し [níꜜshì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɲ̟iɕi]

Noun

螺(にし) • (nishi) 

1. (rare) certain shellfish with a spiral shell

Synonyms

• 螺(にな) (nina) (see below), 蜷(にな) (nina), 河貝子(にな) (nina)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 螺肴(にしざかな) (nishizakana): a side dish served at New Years celebrations, made from boiled or stewed 田螺 (tanishi, “river snails of family Viviparidae”)
• 赤螺(あかにし) (akanishi): Rapana venosa, the veined rapa whelk
• 田螺(たにし) (tanishi): river snails of family Viviparidae
• 長螺(ながにし) (naganishi): tulip snails or spindle snails, marine snails of family Fasciolariidae
• 丸田螺(まるたにし) (marutanishi): Bellamya chinensis or Cipangopaludina chinensis, the Chinese mystery snail, black snail, or trapdoor snail

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
螺
にな Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.

Less common spelling in modern Japanese. When written in kanji, more commonly spelled 蜷.

Alternative forms

• 蜷, 蝸螺, 河貝子

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) にな​ [nìnáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [ɲ̟ina̠]

Noun

螺(にな) • (nina) 

1. shellfish with a spiral shell
2. Short for 川蜷. (kawanina): Semisulcospira libertina, a kind of freshwater snail

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 磯蜷(いそにな) (isonina): a small edible marine snail of family Buccinidae
• 海蜷(うみにな) (uminina): Batillaria multiformis, a small edible marine snail
• 川蜷(かわにな) (kawanina): Semisulcospira libertina, a kind of freshwater snail

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 螺 (MC lwa). Recorded as Middle Korean 라 (la) (Yale: la) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

螺 (eumhun 소라 라 (sora ra), South Korea 소라 나 (sora na))

1. Hanja form^? of 라/나 (“aquatic snail”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 나사 (螺絲, nasa, “screw”)
• 나선 (螺線, naseon, “spiral”)
• 나선 (螺旋, naseon, “a helix, a spiral”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

螺: Hán Nôm readings: loa, loe

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.