躬

躬 U+8EAC, 躬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8EAC ← 身 [U+8EAB] CJK Unified Ideographs 躭 → [U+8EAD]

Translingual

Han character

躬 (Kangxi radical 158, 身+3, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹弓 (HHN), four-corner 2722₇, composition ⿰身弓)

Derived characters

• 𡺺, 窮, 匑

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1237, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38038
• Dae Jaweon: page 1710, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3808, character 8
• Unihan data for U+8EAC

Chinese

trad.		躬
simp. #		躬

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (躬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
躬	*kuŋ
匑	*kuŋ, *kʰuŋ
躳	*kuŋ
窮	*ɡuŋ
藭	*ɡuŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuŋ) : semantic 身 (“body”) + phonetic 弓 (OC *kʷɯŋ).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *guŋ (“body, back”). Compare Burmese အကောင် (a.kaung, “body”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gōng (gong¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gung¹
• Gan (Wiktionary): gung¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kiûng

  (Meixian, Guangdong): giung¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): gung¹
• Northern Min (KCR): gé̤ng
• Eastern Min (BUC): gṳ̆ng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kiong

  (Teochew, Peng'im): giong¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹kon
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gen¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gong
    • Wade–Giles: kung¹
    • Yale: gūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong
    • Palladius: гун (gun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gung¹
    • Yale: gūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: gung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuŋ⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: giung´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: giung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯uŋ²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: giung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kiʊŋ⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: gung¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /kũŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gé̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kœyŋ⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong
    • Tâi-lô: kiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiofng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: giong¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiong
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kioŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ¹kon
    • MiniDict: kon^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹kon
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koŋ⁵³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: gen¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kən³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: kjuwng

Rime
Character	躬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居戎切
Baxter	kjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kiuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kiuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuwŋ/
Li Rong	/kiuŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gung1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)uŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kuŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	躬
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gōng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*k(r)uŋ/
English	body, person
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	躬
Reading #	1/1
No.	4141
Phonetic component	躬
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	弓
Old Chinese	/*kuŋ/
Notes	同躳

Definitions

躬

1. body

   鞠躬  ―  jūgōng  ―  to bow (literally, “to bend one’s body”)

2. oneself
3. in person; personally

   • 臣本布衣，躬耕於南陽。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 227, 諸葛亮 (Zhūgě Liàng) (Zhuge Liang), 前出師表 (Former Chu Shi Biao)

     Chén běn bùyī, gōng gēng yú Nányáng. [Pinyin]

     I was originally a commoner. I personally farmed in Nanyang.

   • 童子何知？躬逢勝餞。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     童子何知？躬逢胜饯。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: late 7th century CE, 王勃 (Wang Bo), 滕王閣序 (Preface to the Prince Teng Pavilion)

     Tóngzǐ hé zhī? Gōng féng shèng jiàn. [Pinyin]

     As a child, what do I know? Yet I was able to personally attend this magnificent feast.

4. to stoop

Compounds

• 三鞠躬
• 事必躬親／事必躬亲 (shìbìgōngqīn)
• 倒笏躬身
• 匪躬
• 匪躬之操
• 匪躬之節／匪躬之节
• 卑躬屈節／卑躬屈节 (bēigōng-qūjié)
• 卑躬屈膝 (bēigōng-qūxī)
• 反躬 (fǎngōng)
• 反躬自問／反躬自问 (fǎngōngzìwèn)
• 反躬自省 (fǎngōngzìxǐng)
• 反躬自責／反躬自责
• 引咎責躬／引咎责躬
• 打躬 (dǎgōng)
• 打躬作揖
• 控背躬身
• 撫躬自問／抚躬自问 (fǔgōngzìwèn)
• 政躬
• 政躬康泰
• 整躬率物
• 斂躬／敛躬
• 曲躬躬
• 朕躬 (zhèngōng)
• 末躬
• 治躬
• 盡瘁鞠躬／尽瘁鞠躬
• 直躬
• 直躬之信
• 福躬
• 節儉躬行／节俭躬行
• 聖躬／圣躬 (shènggōng)
• 背躬
• 責躬省過／责躬省过
• 躬先士卒
• 躬先表率
• 躬圭
• 躬往
• 躬擐甲冑
• 躬桑
• 躬稼
• 躬耕 (gōnggēng)
• 躬耕樂道／躬耕乐道
• 躬自 (gōngzì)
• 躬自菲薄
• 躬行
• 躬行實踐／躬行实践
• 躬行節儉／躬行节俭
• 躬親／躬亲 (gōngqīn)
• 躬詣／躬诣
• 躬蹈矢石
• 躬身
• 躬逢其盛
• 躬逢目擊／躬逢目击
• 躬體力行／躬体力行
• 返躬內省／返躬内省
• 鞠躬 (jūgōng)
• 鞠躬盡瘁／鞠躬尽瘁 (jūgōngjìncuì)
• 飭躬／饬躬

 

Japanese

Kanji

躬

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. body
2. self

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku); くう (kū)
• Kan-on: きゅう (kyū)^{←きゆう (kyuu, historical)}
• Kun: み (mi, 躬); みずから (mizukara, 躬)^{←みづから (midukara, 躬, historical)}; みずからする (mizukarasuru, 躬する)^{←みづからする (midukarasuru, 躬する, historical)}

Korean

Hanja

躬 • (gung) (hangeul 궁, revised gung, McCune–Reischauer kung, Yale kwung)

1. body
2. personally, in person

Vietnamese

Han character

躬: Hán Nôm readings: cung, còng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.