嚇

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See also: 吓
嚇 U+5687, 嚇
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5687
← 嚆
[U+5686] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 嚈 →
[U+5688]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

嚇 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 口土金金 (RGCC), four-corner 64031, composition ⿰口赫 or ⿰哧赤)

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 211, character 37
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4459
  • Dae Jaweon: page 434, character 29
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 695, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+5687

Chinese[edit]

trad. 嚇
simp. 吓*
alternative forms 哧
𠵢
𠁗

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (赤) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
浾 *sqraː
嚇 *qʰraːɡs, *qʰraːɡ
赦 *hljaɡs
郝 *qʰljaɡ, *kʰljaɡ, *hljaɡ
赫 *qʰraːɡ
爀 *qʰraːɡ
赤 *kʰljaɡ
烾 *kʰljaɡ
螫 *qʰjaːɡ
赥 *qʰleːɡ
捇 *qʰʷreːɡ
焃 *qʰʷreːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰraːɡs, *qʰraːɡ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 赫 (OC *qʰraːɡ).

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/d-krwak (“frighten”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan སྐྲག་ (skrag), Burmese ကြောက် (krauk), Lashi kyuk (Hill, 2019).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • xià - vernacular;
  • hè - literary (stronger connotation of “to intimidate” than “to scare”).
Note:
  • hiáh - vernacular;
  • háik - literary.
Note:
  • hiak/hek/herk/hà - literary;
  • hiahⁿ - vernacular (“to be scared (Xiamen, Taiwan, Quanzhou)”);
  • heeh/hehⁿ - vernacular (“to be scared; to threaten; used to express intimidation”);
  • heh - vernacular (“to be scared (Taiwan)”);
  • hat - vernacular.
Rime
Character 嚇 嚇
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 曉 (32) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 麻 (98) 庚 (113)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) II II
Fanqie 呼訝切 呼格切
Baxter xaeH xaek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/hˠaH/ /hˠæk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/hᵚaH/ /hᵚak̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xaH/ /xak̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/haɨH/ /haɨjk̚/
Li
Rong 		/xaH/ /xɐk̚/
Wang
Li 		/xaH/ /xɐk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/xaH/ /xɐk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xià he
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		haa3 hak1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 嚇 嚇
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		hè xià
Middle
Chinese 		‹ xæk › ‹ xæH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰˁ<r>ak/ /*qʰˁ<r>ak-s/
English frighten frighten

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 嚇 嚇
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 1471 1475
Phonetic
component 		赤 赤
Rime
group 		暮 鐸
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		嚇 赫
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰraːɡs/ /*qʰraːɡ/
Notes 見莊子

Definitions[edit]

嚇

  1. (transitive) to frighten; to scare
    驚嚇／惊吓  ―  jīngxià  ―  to frighten
    嚇死寶寶了！／吓死宝宝了！  ―  Xià sǐ bǎobao le!  ―  (You) scared me! [Internet slang, usually by females]
    我被這情景嚇到了。 [MSC, trad.]
    我被这情景吓到了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ bèi zhè qíngjǐng xià dào le. [Pinyin]
    I was frightened by the sight.
    她咳嗽的聲音很大，嚇了我一跳。 [MSC, trad.]
    她咳嗽的声音很大，吓了我一跳。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā késòu de shēngyīn hěn dà, xià le wǒ yī tiào. [Pinyin]
    Her huge cough startled me.
  2. (intransitive) to be afraid; to be scared; to be frightened
    儂覅嚇得個。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
    侬覅吓得个。 [Shanghainese, simp.]
    6non 8veq-iau 7haq-teq-gheq [Wugniu]
    Don't be scared.
    伊嚇一下煞𣍐講話。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    伊吓一下煞𫧃讲话。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    I hiahⁿ chi̍t-ē soah bōe kóng-ōe. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    He/she was scared, then could not say anything.
    害我嚇一下。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    害我吓一下。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Hāi góa hiahⁿ chi̍t-ē. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    It made me get scared.
  3. to threaten; to intimidate
    恫嚇／恫吓  ―  dònghè  ―  to intimidate
  4. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) Used to express intimidation
    你是正的嚇。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    你是正的吓。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Lí sī chiàⁿ ê heeh. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    You really want to do it like this?

Synonyms[edit]

  • (to be afraid):

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Note:
  • hiak/hek - literary;
  • hehⁿ/hehⁿ - vernacular (“used to express astonishment; that's right; isn't it so”);
  • he̍hⁿ - vernacular (“used to express astonishment; that's right”);
  • heⁿ - (“isn't it so”);
  • hiahⁿ/heh - vernacular.
    Rime
    Character 嚇
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
    Final (韻) 庚 (113)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 呼格切
    Baxter xaek
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/hˠæk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/hᵚak̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xak̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/haɨjk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/xɐk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/xɐk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/xɐk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		he
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		hak1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 嚇
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		hè
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xæk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰˁ<r>ak/
    English frighten

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 嚇
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 1475
    Phonetic
    component         		赤
    Rime
    group         		鐸
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		赫
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰraːɡ/
    Notes 見莊子

    Definitions[edit]

    嚇

    1. Used to express disapproval, discontent, or resentment: tut-tut; humph
      嚇，豈有此理！ [MSC, trad.]
      吓，岂有此理！ [MSC, simp.]
      Hè, qǐyǒucǐlǐ! [Pinyin]
      Tut-tut! Absurd!
    2. Used to express astonishment.
      嚇，這是怎麽搞的！ [MSC, trad.]
      吓，这是怎么搞的！ [MSC, simp.]
      Hè, zhè shì zěnme gǎo de! [Pinyin]
      Damn! How has this happened?
      嚇，是咧變啥物鬼？ [Hokkien, trad.]
      吓，是咧变啥物鬼？ [Hokkien, simp.]
      Hehⁿ, sī leh pìⁿ sahN-mih kúi? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
      What? What trickeries are you playing?
    3. (Hokkien) Used to express a positive response: that's right; right
      嚇，你講的著是我。 [Hokkien, trad.]
      吓，你讲的著是我。 [Hokkien, simp.]
      Hehⁿ, lí kóng ê to̍h sī góa. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
      That's right, who you're talking about is precisely me.
    4. (Hokkien) Placed at the end of a sentence to indicate doubt: isn’t it so?
      遮是恁兜嚇？ [Hokkien, trad.]
      遮是恁兜吓？ [Hokkien, simp.]
      Chiâ sī lín tau hehⁿ? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
      This is your house, isn't it so?

    Compounds[edit]

    Pronunciation 3[edit]

    simp. and trad.
    		 嚇
    alternative forms 哄 Hokkien

    Definitions[edit]

    嚇

    1. (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to threaten; to intimidate; to frighten
    2. (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to cow someone to submission
      嚇頭／吓头 [Hokkien]  ―  háⁿ-thâu [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to assume an intimidating and frightening posture

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    嚇

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

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    Readings[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    嚇 • (ha, hyeok) (hangeul 하, 혁, revised ha, hyeok, McCune–Reischauer ha, hyŏk)

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    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    嚇: Hán Nôm readings: hách, hạ

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