工

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: エ [U+30A8 KATAKANA LETTER E], ㆲ [U+31B2 BOPOMOFO LETTER ONG], and Appendix:Variations of "i"
工 U+5DE5, 工
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5DE5
← 巤
[U+5DE4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 左 →
[U+5DE6]
⼯ U+2F2F, ⼯
KANGXI RADICAL WORK
← ⼮
[U+2F2E] 		Kangxi Radicals ⼰ →
[U+2F30]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

See images of
Radical 48 工

工 (Kangxi radical 48, 工+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一中一 (MLM), four-corner 10100, composition ⿱一丄 or ⿱丅一)

  1. Kangxi radical #48, ⼯.

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 325, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8714
  • Dae Jaweon: page 626, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 410, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5DE5

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 工
alternative forms
 
𠜝
㠪
𢀚
𢒅
㣉
𠜝
㠪
𢀚
𢒅
㣉
𢒄

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 工
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (工) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
缸 *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ
篢 *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ
贑 *kluːmʔ
涳 *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
江 *kroːŋ
肛 *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ
扛 *kroːŋ
杠 *kroːŋ
豇 *kroːŋ
茳 *kroːŋ
釭 *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
矼 *kroːŋ
玒 *kroːŋ, *koːŋ
虹 *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ
腔 *kʰroːŋ
崆 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
羫 *kʰroːŋ
控 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
椌 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
悾 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
跫 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ
啌 *qʰroːŋ
谾 *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ
舡 *qʰroːŋ
缻 *ɡroːŋ
項 *ɡroːŋʔ
屸 *ɡ·roːŋ
功 *koːŋ
工 *koːŋ
疘 *koːŋ
魟 *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ
攻 *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
愩 *koːŋ
碽 *koːŋ
貢 *koːŋs
羾 *koːŋs
空 *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
箜 *kʰoːŋ
硿 *kʰoːŋ
埪 *kʰoːŋ
鵼 *kʰoːŋ
倥 *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs
鞚 *kʰoːŋs
叿 *qʰoːŋ
嗊 *qʰoːŋʔ
訌 *ɡoːŋ
紅 *ɡoːŋ
仜 *ɡoːŋ
葒 *ɡoːŋ
渱 *ɡoːŋ
鴻 *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ
汞 *ɡoːŋʔ
澒 *ɡoːŋʔ
鞏 *koŋʔ
巩 *koŋʔ
銎 *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ
恐 *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs
蛩 *ɡoŋ
筇 *ɡoŋ
桏 *ɡoŋ
邛 *ɡoŋ

Pictogram (象形) – a bladed tool.

Etymology 1[edit]

An area word; compare Burmese ခိုင်း (hkuing:, “to order or ask someone to do something”), Old Mon kloñ (kloɲ, “to work”), Old Mon klon (klon, “to have charge of cultivation”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Cognate with 功 (OC *koːŋ, “merit; achievement”), 攻 (OC *koːŋ, *kuːŋ, “to attack”). The senses evolved in the following manner: 工 (“work artisan”) > 功 (“merit; achievement”) > 攻 (“to attack”) (ibid.).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • gĕ̤ng - vernacular;
  • gŭng - literary.
Note:
  • kong - literary;
  • kang - vernacular;
  • khang - vernacular (in 工課).
Note: gong1 - one of the symbols in Gongchepu.
Rime
Character 工
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 東 (1)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古紅切
Baxter kuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kəwŋ/
Li
Rong 		/kuŋ/
Wang
Li 		/kuŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kuŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gōng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gung1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 工 工
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gōng gōng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kuwng › ‹ kuwng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kˁoŋ/ /*kˁoŋ/
English officer work

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 工
Reading # 1/1
No. 4022
Phonetic
component 		工
Rime
group 		東
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		公
Old
Chinese 		/*koːŋ/

Definitions[edit]

工

  1. labour; work (Classifier: 份 c)
    工作  ―  gōngzuò  ―  work
    罷工／罢工  ―  bàgōng  ―  to strike
    偷工減料／偷工减料  ―  tōugōngjiǎnliào  ―  to do shoddy work and use inferior materials
  2. (regional or dialectal, including Southeast Asia) work; job; profession (Classifier: 份 c)
    你做什麼工？／你做什么工？  ―  Nǐ zuò shénme gōng?  ―  What is your job?
    你失咗業咁耐，仲唔快啲搵返份工！ [Cantonese, trad.]
    你失咗业咁耐，仲唔快啲揾返份工！ [Cantonese, simp.]
    From: 開放詞典／开放词典 [Kaifang Cidian]
    nei5 sat1 zo2 jip6 gam3 noi6, zung6 m4 faai3 di1 wan2 faan1 fan6 gung1! [Jyutping]
    It's been a while since you lost your job; you need to find a new job soon!
  3. (Northern Min, Eastern Min, Southern Min) working day; daytime; a day (24 hours)
  4. worker; labourer
    女工  ―  nǚgōng  ―  female worker
    礦工／矿工  ―  kuànggōng  ―  miner
    陶瓷工  ―  táocígōng  ―  potter
    工農／工农  ―  gōngnóng  ―  workers and peasants
  5. man-day
  6. construction
    工地  ―  gōngdì  ―  construction site
    竣工  ―  jùngōng  ―  to finish construction
  7. industry
    化工  ―  huàgōng  ―  chemical industry
  8. engineer
  9. skill; technique
  10. to be good at; to be skilled in
  11. delicate; exquisite; fine
    工巧  ―  gōngqiǎo  ―  delicate; exquisite

Synonyms[edit]

  • (time period):
Dialectal synonyms of 天 (“day (24 hours)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 日
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 日, 天
Mandarin Beijing 天
Taiwan 天
Wanrong 天
Ürümqi 天
Chengdu 天
Guiyang 天
Guilin 天
Liuzhou 天
Malaysia 天
Singapore 天
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 天
Cantonese Guangzhou 日
Hong Kong 日
Taishan 日
Taishan (Guanghai) 日
Guiping (Jintian) 日
Chongzuo (Laituan) 天
Fusui (Qujiu) 日
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 日
Singapore (Guangfu) 日
Mandalay (Taishan) 日, 天
Gan Nanchang 日
Lichuan 日
Pingxiang 工, 日
Hakka Meixian 日
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 日
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 日
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 日
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 日
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 日
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 日
Huizhou Jixi 日
Jin Taiyuan 天
Northern Min Jian'ou 工
Eastern Min Fuzhou 日, 工
Gutian 工
Pingnan 工
Fu'an 工
Ningde 工
Xiapu 工
Zherong 工
Shouning 工
Zhouning 工
Fuding 工
Southern Min Xiamen 日
Quanzhou 日, 工
Anxi 工
Yongchun 日, 工
Zhangzhou 日
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 日
Zhao'an 日
Dongshan 日
Taipei 工, 日
New Taipei (Sanxia) 工, 日
Kaohsiung 工, 日
Yilan 工, 日
Changhua (Lukang) 工, 日
Taichung 日, 工
Taichung (Wuqi) 工
Tainan 工, 日
Taitung 日
Hsinchu 日, 工
Kinmen 工
Penghu (Magong) 工
Penang (Hokkien) 日
Singapore (Hokkien) 工, 日
Manila (Hokkien) 日
Datian 工
Pingnan (Pingtian) 日
Guilin (Biyange) 日
Chaozhou 日
Shantou 日
Singapore (Teochew) 日
Haikou 日
Singapore (Hainanese) 日
Puxian Min Putian 工, 日
Putian (Donghai) 工
Putian (Jiangkou) 日
Putian (Nanri) 工
Xianyou 工
Xianyou (Fengting) 工
Xianyou (Youyang) 工
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dabu) 日
Guilin (Wutong, Lingui) 日
Guilin (Liangjiang, Lingui) 日
Lingchuan (Sanjie) 日
Wu Shanghai 天, 日, 日天
Suzhou 日
Hangzhou 日
Ningbo 日
Wenzhou 日
Jinhua 日
Xiang Changsha 天
Dialectal synonyms of 職業 (“job; occupation; profession”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 職, 業
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 職業, 工作
Mandarin Taiwan 工作
Singapore 工, 工作
Cantonese Guangzhou 工
Hong Kong 工
Singapore (Guangfu) 工
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 頭路
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 頭路
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 頭路
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 頭路
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 頭路
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 頭路
Southern Min Xiamen 頭路, 工課, 穡路
Quanzhou 頭路, 工課, 穡路
Jinjiang 頭路
Zhangzhou 頭路, 工課, 穡路
Taipei 頭路
New Taipei (Sanxia) 頭路, 職業
Kaohsiung 工課, 頭路, 穡頭, 職業
Yilan 工課, 頭路, 職業
Changhua (Lukang) 工課, 頭路, 職業
Taichung 頭路, 工課, 穡頭
Tainan 工課, 頭路, 穡頭, 職業
Hsinchu 頭路, 工課
Kinmen 頭路, 工課
Penghu (Magong) 工課
Penang (Hokkien) 工課, 工
Singapore (Hokkien) 工, 頭路, 工課
Manila (Hokkien) 頭路
Jieyang 工課
Singapore (Teochew) 工, 工課
Singapore (Hainanese) 工
Wu Shanghai 工作, 生活, 生意, 行當, 飯碗 figuratively, 飯碗頭 figuratively
Shanghai (Chongming) 生活, 營生
Suzhou 行當
Danyang 生活
Ningbo 生活, 行當
Wenzhou 行當
Jinhua 行當, 事幹, 生活
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

simp. and trad.
 工

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

工

  1. (music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note mi (3).
  2. (music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note mi (3).

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

工

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. work, craft, art, skill
  2. workman, artisan

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
工
たくみ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 工 – see the following entry.
【たくみ】
[noun] 工, 匠: workman, artisan, mechanic, carpenter
[noun] 工, 匠: craft, skill; means, idea
[verb] stem or continuative form of たくむ (takumu) [godan]
Alternative spellings
匠, 巧み
(This term, 工, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 工 (MC kuwng).

Historical readings

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

工 (eumhun 장인 공 (jang'in gong))

  1. Hanja form? of 공 (“master craftsman; master artisan”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

工: Hán Nôm readings: công, cong, côông, gồng, trong, cung

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=工&oldid=78960591"