Chinese [ edit ]
give up; indeed; to commission
give up; indeed; to commission; crooked
hostage; substance; nature
hostage; substance; nature; quality
trad. (委質 )
委
質
simp. (委质 )
委
质
Etymology [ edit ]
Yang (1965) accepts the interpretation of 質 (OC *tids, *tjid ) as alternative of 贄 (OC *tjibs , “ceremonial gift”). Between peers, the gifts were meant to be ceremonially returned. Unlike that, the complete entrustment of the gifts – 委 (OC *qrolʔ ) – signified the loyalty and obligations of the homage-payer, and their material acceptance was an expression of superiority.
Pronunciation [ edit ]
Rime
Character
委
質
質
Reading #
2/2
1/2
2/2
Initial (聲 )
影 (34)
知 (9)
章 (23)
Final (韻 )
支 (14)
脂 (17)
眞 (48)
Tone (調 )
Rising (X)
Departing (H)
Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合 )
Closed
Open
Open
Division (等 )
III
III
III
Fanqie
於 詭 切
陟 利 切
之 日 切
Baxter
'jweX
trijH
tsyit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang
/ʔˠiuᴇX /
/ʈˠiɪH /
/t͡ɕiɪt̚ /
Pan Wuyun
/ʔʷᵚiɛX /
/ʈᵚiH /
/t͡ɕit̚ /
Shao Rongfen
/ʔiuɛX /
/ȶiɪH /
/t͡ɕjet̚ /
Edwin Pulleyblank
/ʔjwiə̆X /
/ʈjiH /
/cit̚ /
Li Rong
/ʔjueX /
/ȶjiH /
/t͡ɕiĕt̚ /
Wang Li
/ǐweX /
/ȶiH /
/t͡ɕĭĕt̚ /
Bernard Karlgren
/ʔwie̯X /
/ȶiH /
/t͡ɕi̯ĕt̚ /
Expected Mandarin Reflex
wěi
zhì
zhi
Expected Cantonese Reflex
wai2
zi3
zat1
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
委
質
質
Reading #
2/4
1/2
2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
wěi
zhì
zhì
Middle Chinese
‹ ʔjweX ›
‹ trijH ›
‹ tsyit ›
Old Chinese
/*q(r)ojʔ/
/*[t]<r>ip-s/
/*t-lit/
English
entrust to
hostage; gift
substance, solid part
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
委
質
質
Reading #
2/2
1/2
2/2
No.
12903
17397
17401
Phonetic component
委
質
質
Rime group
歌
至
質
Rime subdivision
3
1
1
Corresponding MC rime
委
致
質
Old Chinese
/*qrolʔ/
/*tids/
/*tjid/
Notes
金 文 本 從 折 聲
委質
( literary ) to pledge one's loyalty ; to swear allegiance ; to pay homage ( as subject or disciple )
臣 委質 于 狄 之 鼓 ,未 委質 于 晉 之 鼓 也 。 [Classical Chinese , trad. ] 臣 委质 于 狄 之 鼓 ,未 委质 于 晋 之 鼓 也 。 [Classical Chinese , simp. ] From: Guoyu , circa 4th century BCE Chén wěizhì yú Dí zhī Gǔ, wèi wěizhì yú Jìn zhī Gǔ yě. [Pinyin] This vanquished man swore allegiance to (the land of) Gu of Di but never did so to Gu of Jin.
孔子 設 禮 稍 誘 子 路 ,子 路 後 儒 服 委質 ,因 門人 請 爲 弟子 。 [Classical Chinese , trad. ] 孔子 设 礼 稍 诱 子 路 ,子 路 后 儒 服 委质 ,因 门人 请 为 弟子 。 [Classical Chinese , simp. ] From: The Records of the Grand Historian , by Sima Qian , c. 91 BCE Kǒngzǐ shè lǐ shāo yòu Zǐlù, Zǐlù hòu rúfú wěizhì , yīn ménrén qǐng wéi dìzǐ. [Pinyin] Confucius exhibited some of the proper ceremonies to Zilu to whet his appetite in the Confucian way. Afterwards, Zilu donned the clothing of a scholar, pledged his loyalty , and requested admission as a disciple via the students.