思

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See also: 恖 and 恩
思 U+601D, 思
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-601D
← 怜
[U+601C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 怞 →
[U+601E]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character[edit]

思 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 田心 (WP), four-corner 60330, composition ⿱田心)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 381, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10462
  • Dae Jaweon: page 709, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2280, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+601D

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 思
alternative forms
 
恖
𢙦
𠃼
𡴓
𠂺
恖
𢙦
𠃼
𡴓
𠂺
𢍄

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 思
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (囟) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
崽 *ʔslɯːʔ, *srɯː, *srɯː
偲 *sn̥ʰɯː, *snɯ
腮 *snɯː
鰓 *snɯː
揌 *snɯː
顋 *snɯː
愢 *snɯː
毢 *snɯː
諰 *srɯː, *snɯʔ
細 *snɯːls
思 *snɯ, *snɯs
緦 *snɯ
罳 *snɯ
禗 *snɯ
楒 *snɯ
葸 *snɯʔ
恖 *snɯ
颸 *sʰrɯ
囟 *snɯns
顖 *sniŋs
毸 *snɯː

Original form was 恖 (OC *snɯ), considered by Shuowen to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *snɯ, *snɯs) : phonetic 囟 (OC *snɯns) + semantic 心 (“heart”). It may also be a ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 囟 (“fontanel”) + 心 (“heart”).

囟 started to corrupt into the unrelated 田 as early as the silk script.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note: sî - only in certain words (e.g. 相思樹).
Note:
  • su/sir - literary;
  • si - vernacular.
Rime
Character 思
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息兹切
Baxter si
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/sɨ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sɨ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sie/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/sɨ/
Li
Rong 		/siə/
Wang
Li 		/sĭə/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/si/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		sī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		si1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 思
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		sī
Middle
Chinese 		‹ si ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s]ə/
English think

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 思
Reading # 1/2
No. 13835
Phonetic
component 		囟
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		思
Old
Chinese 		/*snɯ/

Definitions[edit]

思

  1. (literary, or in compounds) to think; to cogitate
    沉思  ―  chénsī  ―  to ponder; to contemplate
  2. (literary, or in compounds) to miss; to yearn for
    思鄉／思乡  ―  sīxiāng  ―  to be homesick
  3. (literary, or in compounds) to hope; to wish
  4. (literary, or in compounds) feeling; mood
  5. (literary, or in compounds) thought; thinking
    文思  ―  wénsī  ―  thread of ideas in writing
  6. (obsolete) to lament; to grieve for
  7. (obsolete) meaningless sentence-initial particle
  8. (obsolete) meaningless sentence-medial particle
  9. (obsolete) sentence-final interjectional particle
  10. a surname
Synonyms[edit]
  • (to think):
  • (to miss):
  • (to hope):
  • (feeling):

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Rime
Character 思
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 相吏切
Baxter siH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/sɨH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sɨH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sieH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/sɨH/
Li
Rong 		/siəH/
Wang
Li 		/sĭəH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/siH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		sì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		si3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 思
Reading # 2/2
No. 13843
Phonetic
component 		囟
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		笥
Old
Chinese 		/*snɯs/

Definitions[edit]

思

  1. † thought; feeling; mood

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 3[edit]

Definitions[edit]

思

  1. † Alternative form of 䰄 (“heavily bearded”)

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

思

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. think

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Korean[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Chinese 思 (MC si).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞᆼ (Yale: sò?) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] ᄉᆡᆼ각 ᄉᆞ Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞ (so) (Yale: so) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575 ᄉᆞ량 ᄉᆞ Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞ (so) (Yale: so) in Gwangju Cheonjamun (光州千字文 / 광주천자문), 1575.
Early Modern Korean
Text Final (韻) Reading
Samun Seonghwi, 1751 ᄉᆡᆼ각 ᄉᆞ Recorded as Early Modern Korean ᄉᆞ (Yale: so) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (to think; etc.):
  • (in 사상 (思想, sasang, “thought”)):
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰa̠(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

思 (eumhun 생각할 사 (saenggakhal sa))

  1. Hanja form? of 사 (“to think”).
  2. Hanja form? of 사 (“thought; thinking; idea”).
  3. Hanja form? of 사 (“to miss; to yearn for”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 2[edit]

From Middle Chinese 思 (MC siH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞᆼ〮 (Yale: só?) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] ᄠᅳᆮ ᄉᆞ[1] Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞ (so) (Yale: so) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Early Modern Korean
Text Final (韻) Reading
Samun Seonghwi, 1751 의ᄉᆞ ᄉᆞ Recorded as Early Modern Korean ᄉᆞ (Yale: so) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804.
  1. ^ 去聲

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

思 (eumhun 생각 사 (saenggak sa))

  1. Hanja form? of 사 (“thought”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 3[edit]

Related to Middle Chinese 䰄 (MC soj).

Hanja[edit]

思 (eumhun 수염이 많을 새 (suyeom-i maneul sae))

  1. (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 䰄 (“Hanja form? of 새 (“heavily bearded”).”)

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

思: Hán Nôm readings: tư, tơ, tứ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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