未嘗

See also: 未尝

Chinese

		not yet; 8th earthly branch; 1–3 p.m.	to taste; flavour; indicator of past tense to taste; flavour; indicator of past tense; already; ever; once; test; formerly
trad. (未嘗)		未	嘗
simp. (未尝)		未	尝

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wèicháng

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ ㄔㄤˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mei⁶ soeng⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bī-sióng / bī-siáng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wèicháng
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ ㄔㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wèicháng
    • Wade–Giles: wei⁴-chʻang²
    • Yale: wèi-cháng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weycharng
    • Palladius: вэйчан (vɛjčan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 未嘗／未尝 胃腸／胃肠

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: mei⁶ soeng⁴
    • Yale: meih sèuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mei⁶ soeng⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: méi⁶ sêng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mei̯²² sœːŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bī-sióng
    • Tâi-lô: bī-sióng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bixsiorng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bi²²⁻²¹ siɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bi⁴¹⁻²² siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bī-siáng
    • Tâi-lô: bī-siáng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bixsiarng
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bi²²⁻²¹ siaŋ⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: mj+jH dzyang

Rime
Character	未	嘗
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	微 (21)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	無沸切	市羊切
Baxter	mj+jH	dzyang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mʉiH/	/d͡ʑɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/mʷɨiH/	/d͡ʑiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/miuəiH/	/d͡ʑiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mujH/	/d͡ʑɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/miuəiH/	/ʑiaŋ/
Wang Li	/mĭwəiH/	/ʑĭaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/mwe̯iH/	/ʑi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wèi	cháng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mei6	soeng4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m[ə]t-s  Cə.daŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mɯds  djaŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	未	嘗
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wèi	cháng
Middle Chinese	‹ mjɨjH ›	‹ dzyang ›
Old Chinese	/*m[ə]t-s/	/*Cə.daŋ/
English	not yet	taste (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	未	嘗
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	12917	11153
Phonetic component	未	尚
Rime group	隊	陽
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	未	常
Old Chinese	/*mɯds/	/*djaŋ/
Notes	從屮從木與芔字同根， 陳獨秀雲木上加屮象幼枝	同甞

Adverb

未嘗

1. (literary) not ever

   • 君臣，未嘗相弒也；禮樂刑法政俗，未嘗相變也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     君臣，未尝相弑也；礼乐刑法政俗，未尝相变也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Jūnchén, wèicháng xiàng shì yě; lǐyuè xíngfǎ zhèngsú, wèicháng xiàng biàn yě. [Pinyin]

     Its rulers and ministers never killed one another, Its rites, music, punishments, laws, governmental proceedings, manners and customs never changed.

   • 先帝在時，每與臣論此事，未嘗不歎息痛恨於桓、靈也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     先帝在时，每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 227 CE. 諸葛亮 (Zhūgě Liàng) (Zhuge Liang), 出師表

     Xiāndì zài shí, měi yǔ chén lùn cǐ shì, wèicháng bù tànxī tònghèn yú Huán, Líng yě. [Pinyin]

     When the late Emperor was still alive, every time he discussed these matters with his servant, there was never a time when he did not sigh and feel distress and regret concerning the practices of Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling.

2. (literary) not necessarily

Synonyms

• (not ever): 不曾 (bùcéng), 未始 (wèishǐ), (Hokkien, Teochew) 毋捌 (m̄ bat)
• (not necessarily):

• 不一定 (bùyīdìng)
• 不必 (bùbì)
• 不見得／不见得 (bùjiàndé)
• 唔一定 (m⁴ jat¹ ding⁶) (Cantonese)
• 未始 (wèishǐ) (literary)
• 未必 (wèibì)
• 未必然 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 未見得／未见得 (uei⁴ jienn⁴ de⁶) (Xiang)
• 無一定／无一定 (Hokkien)
• 無定著／无定著 (Min Nan)
• 無拄拄／无拄拄 (Hokkien)
• 無的確／无的确 (Min Nan)

 

References

• “前出師表 [Former Memorial on the Case to Go to War]”, in Baidu Baike [Baidu Encyclopedia]‎^[1] (in Chinese) (wiki), 2022 May 2, retrieved January 8, 2024