芙蓉

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (芙蓉)		芙	蓉
simp. #(芙蓉)		芙	蓉
alternative forms		夫容

lotus

cotton rose

Etymology

Possibly derived from a word meaning “to blossom”; compare 敷榮／敷荣 (fūróng, “to blossom”) (Zhang and Shen, 2014).

"Seremban"

Phono-semantic matching of Malay Sungai Ujong via Cantonese.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fúróng

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fu⁴ jung⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phù-yùng
• Eastern Min (BUC): hù-ṳ̀ng
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hû-iông / phû-iông / phû-jiông / phû-jêng
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶vu-yon

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fúróng
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fúróng
    • Wade–Giles: fu²-jung²
    • Yale: fú-rúng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwurong
    • Palladius: фужун (fužun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fu⁴ jung⁴
    • Yale: fùh yùhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fu⁴ jung⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: fu⁴ yung⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː²¹ jʊŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phù-yùng
    • Hakka Romanization System: puˇ iungˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pu² yung²
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰu¹¹ i̯uŋ¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phù-yùng
    • Hakka Romanization System: puˇ (r)iungˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pu² yung²
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰu¹¹ (j)i̯uŋ¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hù-ṳ̀ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu⁵³⁻³³ yŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hû-iông
    • Tâi-lô: hû-iông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hu'ioong
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /hu²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hu²³⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hu²⁴⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hu¹³⁻²² iɔŋ¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phû-iông
    • Tâi-lô: phû-iông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phu'ioong
    • IPA (Taipei): /pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /pʰu²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰu²³⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phû-jiông
    • Tâi-lô: phû-jiông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phujioong
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰu¹³⁻²² d͡ziɔŋ¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Yilan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phû-jêng
    • Tâi-lô: phû-jîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phujeeng
    • IPA (Yilan): /pʰu²⁴⁻³³ d͡ziɪŋ²⁴/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶vu-yon
    • MiniDict: vu^去 yon
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³vu-hhion
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /vu²² ɦioŋ⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: bju yowng

Rime
Character	芙	蓉
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	防無切	餘封切
Baxter	bju	yowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨo/	/jɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/bio/	/jioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/bio/	/ioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buə̆/	/juawŋ/
Li Rong	/bio/	/ioŋ/
Wang Li	/bĭu/	/jĭwoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯u/	/i̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fú	yóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fu4	jung4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ba  loŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	芙	蓉
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	3283	4287
Phonetic component	夫	谷
Rime group	魚	東
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	扶	容
Old Chinese	/*ba/	/*loŋ/
Notes	見爾雅	見離騷

Noun

芙蓉

1. lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)

   • 製芰荷以為衣兮，集芙蓉以為裳。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     制芰荷以为衣兮，集芙蓉以为裳。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Verses of Chu, 4^th century BCE – 2^nd century CE

     Zhì jìhé yǐwéi yī xī, jí fúróng yǐwéi shāng. [Pinyin]

     I fashioned the flowers of the water-caltrops to adorn my upper garment; I collected those of the lotus for my lower one.

2. cotton rose (Hibiscus mutabilis)

Synonyms

• (lotus):

• 水芝 (shuǐzhī) (literary)
• 水芙蓉 (shuǐfúróng)
• 芙蕖 (fúqú) (literary)
• 荷花 (héhuā)
• 菡萏 (hàndàn) (literary)
• 蓮／莲
• 蓮花／莲花 (liánhuā)
• 藕花 (ǒuhuā)

 

• (cotton rose):

• 拒霜 (jùshuāng) (literary)
• 木芙蓉 (mùfúróng)
• 芙蓉花

 

Derived terms

• 並蒂芙蓉／并蒂芙蓉
• 出水芙蓉 (chūshuǐfúróng)
• 初日芙蓉
• 初發芙蓉／初发芙蓉
• 山芙蓉
• 木芙蓉 (mùfúróng)
• 水芙蓉 (shuǐfúróng)
• 清水出芙蓉
• 玉芙蓉 (yùfúróng)
• 秋水芙蓉
• 芙蓉世 (Fúróng Shì)
• 芙蓉並蒂／芙蓉并蒂
• 芙蓉之精
• 芙蓉出水
• 芙蓉刃
• 芙蓉國／芙蓉国
• 芙蓉城
• 芙蓉帳／芙蓉帐
• 芙蓉幕
• 芙蓉府
• 芙蓉月印
• 芙蓉糕
• 芙蓉膏
• 芙蓉蛋 (fúróngdàn)
• 芙蓉褥
• 芙蓉鏡／芙蓉镜
• 芙蓉面
• 芙蓉麵／芙蓉面
• 草芙蓉
• 遠山芙蓉／远山芙蓉
• 阿芙蓉 (āfúróng)

 

Descendants

• → English: foo yung, foo young

Proper noun

芙蓉

1. (～區) Furong (a district of Changsha, Hunan, China)
2. (～市) Seremban, Fu Yong (a city, the state capital of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Fúróng

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fu⁴ jung⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Phû-chhiûⁿ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Fúróng
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Fúróng
    • Wade–Giles: Fu²-jung²
    • Yale: Fú-rúng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Fwurong
    • Palladius: Фужун (Fužun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fu⁴ jung⁴
    • Yale: fùh yùhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fu⁴ jung⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: fu⁴ yung⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː²¹ jʊŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Phû-chhiûⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: Phû-tshiûnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phuchviuu
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /pʰu²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiũ²⁴/

Proper noun

芙蓉

1. Alternative name for 梅山 (Méishān, “Meishan Town, Nan'an, Fujian”).

Japanese

Kanji in this term
芙	蓉
ふ Jinmeiyō	よう Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 芙蓉 (MC bju yowng).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ふよー [fùyóó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝjo̞ː]

Noun

芙(ふ)蓉(よう) or 芙蓉(フヨウ) • (fuyō) ^{←ふよう (fuyou)?}

1. hibiscus (Hibiscus mutabilis)

Usage notes

• As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).

Related terms

• 芙蓉蟹(フーヨーハイ) (fūyōhai)